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- Bergknut, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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The Dog as an Animal Model for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 37, s. 351-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design. Prospective observational and analytic study.Objective. To investigate whether spontaneous intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurring in both chondrodystrophic (CD) and nonchondrodystrophic dogs (NCD) can be used as a valid translational model for human IVDD research.Summary of Background Data. Different animal models are used in IVDD research, but in most of these models IVDD is induced manually or chemically rather than occurring spontaneously.Methods. A total of 184 intervertebral discs (IVDs) from 19 dogs of different breeds were used. The extent of IVDD was evaluated by macroscopic grading, histopathology, glycosaminoglycan content, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity. Canine data were compared with human IVD data acquired in this study or from the literature.Results. Gross pathology of IVDD in both dog types (CD and NCD) and humans showed many similarities, but the cartilaginous endplates were significantly thicker and the subchondral cortices significantly thinner in humans than in dogs. Notochordal cells were still present in the IVDs of adult NCD but were not seen in the CD breeds or in humans. Signs of degeneration were seen in young dogs of CD breeds (<1 year of age), whereas this was only seen in older dogs of NCD breeds (5-7 years of age). The relative glycosaminoglycan content and metalloproteinase 2 activity in canine IVDD were similar to those in humans: metalloproteinase 2 activity increased and glycosaminoglycan content decreased with increasing severity of IVDD.Conclusion. IVDD is similar in humans and dogs. Both CD and NCD breeds may therefore serve as models of spontaneous IVDD for human research. However, as with all animal models, it is important to recognize interspecies differences and, indeed, the intraspecies differences between CD and NCD breeds (early vs. late onset of IVDD, respectively) to develop an optimal canine model of human IVDD.
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| 2. |
- Ostman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Calcium Phosphate Promotes Interbody Bony Fusion in a Porcine Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Model
- 2024
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 49:17, s. 1179-1186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design: Experimental porcine anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) model: a proof-of-concept study.Objective.The effect of monetite synthetic bone graft (SBG) containing calcium pyrophosphate and beta-tricalcium phosphate on cervical spinal fusion in a noninstrumented two-level large animal model.Summary of Background Data: ACDF is the gold standard surgical technique for the treatment of degenerative cervical spinal diseases. However, pseudarthrosis associated with increased patient morbidity occurs in similar to 2.6% of the surgeries. SBG may enhance bony fusion and subsequently decrease the risk of pseudarthrosis. Recent studies on monetite-based SBGs for use in large cranial defects in humans have shown promising bone healing results, necessitating further investigation of their use in cervical spinal fusion.Materials and Methods: Four adult female Danish G & ouml;ttingen minipigs received partial cervical anterior discectomy and intervertebral defects at an upper and lower level. One defect was filled with SBG, and the other was left empty. Bony fusion was evaluated using computed tomography (CT) at three-month intervals for 12 months. Fifteen months postsurgery, the animals were euthanized for further ex vivo qualitative histopathologic and micro-CT evaluations. Fusion rates were compared using the Fisher exact test at each time point.Results.Increased interbody bony fusion rates were observed at SBG levels (4/4) compared with control levels (0/4) evaluated by CT at 6 and 9 months postsurgery (P=0.029). Fusion was observed at all SBG levels 12 months postsurgery and at only one control level. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed high-quality interbody bony fusion at all SBG levels and fusion by spondylosis at one control level.Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study provides preliminary evidence of a novel, calcium pyrophosphate-containing, and beta-tricalcium phosphate-containing monetite SBG that promotes bony fusion compared with a negative control in a clinically relevant porcine model of ACDF.
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