| 1. |
- Abrego, Lisandro, et al.
(författare)
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External Linkages and Economic Growth in Colombia : Insights from a Bayesian VAR Model
- 2010
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 33:12, s. 1788-1810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the sensitivity of Colombian GDP growth to the surrounding macroeconomic environment. We estimate a Bayesian VAR model with informative steady-state priors for the Colombian economy using quarterly data from 1995 to 2007. A variance decomposition shows that world GDP growth and government spending are the most important factors, explaining roughly 17 and 16 per cent of the variance in Colombian GDP growth respectively. The model, which is shown to forecast well out-of-sample, can also be used to analyse alternative scenarios. Generating both endogenous and conditional forecasts, we show that the impact on Colombian GDP growth of a substantial downturn in world GDP growth would be non-negligible but that the decline still would be mild by historical standards.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Anna
(författare)
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Export Performance and Access to Intermediate Inputs : The Case of Rules of Origin Liberalisation
- 2016
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Ingår i: World Economy. - : Wiley. - 1467-9701 .- 0378-5920. ; 39:8, s. 1048-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internationally fragmented production processes have highlighted the need of efficient sourcing from foreign suppliers. This paper aims to investigate how exports of final goods are affected by better access to foreign intermediate inputs. In particular, the paper empirically tests whether expanding the set of available intermediate input suppliers through preferential rules of origin liberalisation affects exports of final goods. We exploit the introduction of the southern Mediterranean countries into the Pan-Euro-Med zone of diagonal cumulation which meant that foreign intermediate inputs could be used from more countries than before without jeopardising the preferential access to the EU. Using a fixed effects specification that controls for detailed levels of unobserved heterogeneity and multilateral resistance, we examine the effect of the new diagonal cumulation possibilities on southern Mediterranean exports to EU-15. We find a positive effect on both export intensity, the value of exports, and export diversification, the number of exported products. Being part of the Pan-Euro-Med zone of diagonal cumulation is associated with a 20 per cent increase in export intensity and a 5 per cent increase in export diversification.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Labour Demand, Offshoring and Inshoring : Evidence from Swedish Firm-level Data
- 2017
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 40:2, s. 240-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper was to analyse effects on firm–level relative demand for skilled labour due to imports of intermediates (offshoring) and exports of intermediates (inshoring). The study is based on a data set of Swedish manufacturing firms, 1997–2002, using trade flows in intermediate goods and services, respectively. Descriptive data show that goods inshoring is much larger than goods offshoring, while the reverse is true for services. There is, however, a strong increase in services inshoring over the study period. Controlling for potential endogeneity in offshoring and inshoring, our results indicate that there is a positive effect of services offshoring on the skill composition of workers in Swedish firms, while no such causality can be established from inshoring.
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| 4. |
- Bandick, Roger, 1974-
(författare)
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Foreign Acquisition, Wages and Productivity
- 2011
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 34:6, s. 931-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the effect of foreign acquisition on wages and total factor productivity (TFP) in the years following a takeover by using unique detailed firm-level data for Sweden for the period 1993–2002. The paper takes particular account of potential endogeneity of the acquisition decision (for example, due to ‘cherry picking’) by implementing an instrumental variable approach and propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation. Moreover, in line with the recent literature on firm heterogeneity and trade, this paper allows for the acquisition effect to differ depending on whether the targeted firms were domestic multinational or non-multinationals before the foreign takeover. This paper also allows for the acquisition effect to differ depending on whether the acquisition is horizontal or vertical. Our results show that foreign acquisition has no effects on overall, skilled or less-skilled wage growth, either in targeted Swedish MNEs or in targeted Swedish non-MNEs or if the acquisition was motivated by vertical or horizontal motives. However, the results indicate that both targeted Swedish MNEs and non-MNEs have better growth in TFP after vertical foreign acquisition only but no such impact from horizontal foreign acquisition.
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| 5. |
- Bandick, Roger, 1974-
(författare)
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Global sourcing, productivity and export intensity
- 2020
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 3, s. 615-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of global sourcing on firm performances by using data on Danish manufacturing firms during the period 1995–2006. The results show that firms with better ex‐ante characteristics are more inclined to source intermediate inputs from abroad. The results also show that firms that source from different locations possess different ex‐ante characteristics; the most productive source inputs from high‐wage countries while capital stock and being an exporter are more important factors when sourcing from low‐wage countries. Moreover, controlling for the endogeneity of both the sourcing decision and location by using instrument variable and DiD matching approach, the results seem also to suggest that firms that source inputs from high‐wage countries benefited from doing so in terms of higher growth of productivity and export intensity. Firms that source inputs from low‐wage countries, on the other hand, seem not to have experienced any significant impact on neither productivity nor export, not even three years after they started to source inputs from these countries.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Benz, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory barriers to trade in services : A new database and composite indices
- 2020
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 43:11, s. 2860-2879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents new data on services trade regulation for 46 countries in 22 services sectors over 6 years (2014-2019). The data consist of qualitative information which is scored and weighted to produce composite indices. They cover market access and national treatment restrictions with respect to all GATS modes of supply, but also behind the border domestic regulation such as licensing, non-transparent regulatory procedures and competition policy. The database is updated annually. The trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) are significantly correlated with services trade flows, but also with the performance of the sectors subject to the restrictions including logistics performance indicators, interest spreads, density of ATMs and secure servers, broadband penetration and outcomes such as legal rights and the time to resolve insolvency.
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| 8. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Globalisation and Inter-occupational Inequality: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 37:3, s. 501-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does globalisation affect inter-occupational wage inequality within countries? This paper examines this by focusing on two dimensions of globalisation: openness to trade and openness to capital flows, using a relatively new data set on occupational wages. Estimates from a dynamic model for 15 OECD countries spanning the period 1983–2003 suggest that increased openness increases occupational wage inequality in poorer OECD countries as predicted by the Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson model, but for the more advanced OECD countries, we find no significant effect. The absence of the expected result for the latter category can be due to a rapid increase in the supply of skilled labour, to outsourcing of skilled jobs or because changes in the trade flows are too small to have any significant effect in those countries.
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| 9. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Jobs and exposure to international trade within the service sector in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 35:5, s. 578-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To establish in which service industries there is international trade (or it may potentially exist), we calculate locational Ginis for different industries. The basic idea is that from this measure of regional concentration of different activities within a country we can identify industries where there appears to be regional trade, and hence also a potential for international trade. Based on our method, we find that: (i) the number of employed in tradable service appears to be at least as large as in the manufacturing sector, (ii) tradable service is much more skill intensive than manufacturing, and (iii) lately, the employment in tradable service has increased substantially. We argue that the last mentioned result is consistent with the substantial growth of skilled labour in Sweden since the mid-1990s (Rybczynski effect) and factors leading to increased relative demand for skilled labour. Particularly, increased competition from and offshoring to low-wage countries seem recently to have had a considerable impact on the creation of skilled jobs and the displacement of less skilled jobs in the tradable sector in Sweden. Furthermore, we apply a similar method as for industries to identify tradable occupations. Using our classification of tradable industries and tradable occupations in a Mincer type wage equation, we find that workers in such industries and occupations receive a wage premia of 1213 per cent.
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| 10. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of employment, skills, and tasks within MNEs associated with offshoring
- 2022
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 45:4, s. 944-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the relationship between relative demands for skills, non-routine, and non-offshorable tasks in Swedish MNE parents (onshore) and their employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore). Our estimations suggest that increased employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore) result in higher relative demand for skills and larger shares of non-routine tasks performed by employed that are highly educated in the parents at home (onshore). However, we do not find any evidence for that the share of non-offshorable tasks rises in the parents of Swedish MNEs when employment shares increase in their affiliates overseas. Furthermore, we estimate the relationships between absolute employment onshore (skilled and less-skilled labour) and employment in affiliates offshore (high- and low-income countries). Increased employment in affiliates in low-income countries relates negatively to the employment of less-skilled workers in manufacturing MNE parents (substitute), whereas increased employment in affiliates in high-income countries correlates positively with the employment of skilled workers in service MNE parents (complement).
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