| 1. |
- Algers, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Is it time to use activity-based urban transport models? A discussion of planning needs and modelling possibilities
- 2005
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864. ; 39:4, s. 767-789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For some decades now, transport researchers have put considerable efforts into developing what is called activity-based approaches for modelling urban travel demand. The basic idea is that travel demand is derived from people's desires to take part in different activities. In particular, the interrelationships among different activities with respect to temporal and spatial constraints are in focus. It means that such models treat the activities and the travelling of the households with respect to where and when the activities can be carried out and how they may be scheduled, given characteristics of the households and potential opportunities, the transport networks and various institutional constraints. We discuss what demands we see on future travel demand models, with a focus on urban analysis. This discussion is somewhat biased towards what role activity-based models could play in meeting these demands. We then review in some detail three prominent and distinctly different representatives of operational activity-based models to give an indication of what new modelling possibilities they offer. Theoretical appeal, empirical validity, usefulness for planning, need for data and easiness of implementation are discussed. In the final section we draw some conclusions about the prospects of these models and of their descendants.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Agglomeration and productivity : evidence from firm-level data
- 2011
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864. ; 46:3, s. 601-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do agglomerations stimulate productivity? An extensive literature on agglomeration economies, or urban increasing returns, has analyzed this question with aggregated spatial data. This paper estimates the relationship between agglomeration and productivity at the firm level using static and dynamic models. It makes use of a rich dataset comprising register information on all manufacturing firms in Sweden with 10 or more employees over the period 1997-2004. Three things emerge. First, firms located in larger regions are more productive when controlling for size, human capital, physical capital, ownership structure, import: and export, industry classification, and time trend. Second, results from dynamic panel estimations suggests a learning effect in that agglomeration enhances firms' productivity. Third, the role of agglomeration phenomena does not seem to have a clear coupling to firm size.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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How does accessibility to knowledge sources affect the innovativeness of corporations? - evidence from Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Annals of Regional Science. - Springer. - 0570-1864. ; 39:4, s. 741-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the innovative performance of 130 Swedish corporations during 1993-1994. The number of patents per corporation is explained as a function of the accessibility to internal and external knowledge sources of each corporation. A coherent way of handling accessibility measures, within and between corporations located across regions, is introduced. We examine the relative importance of intra- and interregional knowledge sources from 1) the own corporation, 2) other corporations, and 3) universities. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the innovativeness of a corporation and its accessibility to university researchers within regions where own research groups are located. Good accessibility among the corporation's research units does not have any significant effects on the likelihood of generation of patents. Instead the size of the R&D staff of the corporation seems to be the most important internal factor. There is no indication that intraregional accessibility to other corporations' research is important for a corporation's innovativeness. However, there is some indication of reduced likelihood for own corporate patenting when other corporate R&D is located in nearby regions. This may reflect a negative effect from competition for R&D labor.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial dependence and the representation of space in empirical models
- 2009
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - Springer. - 0570-1864. ; 43:1, s. 159-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-formed spatial model should most likely not produce spatial autocorrelation at all. From this perspective spatial autocorrelation is not (pure) statistical nuisance but a sign of that a model lacks a representation of an important economic phenomenon. In a Knowledge Production Function (KPF) context, this paper shows that a representation of space reflecting the potential of physical interaction between localities by means of accessibility variables on the "right-hand-side"aEuro"a simple alternative to spatial lag and spatial error which can be estimated by OLS-captures substantive spatial dependence. Results are verified with Monte Carlo simulations based on Anselin's (Int Reg Sci Rev 26(2):153-166, 2003) taxonomy of modelled and unmodelled effects. The analysis demonstrates that an accessibility representation of explanatory variables depict the network nature of spatial interaction, such that spatial dependence is actually modelled.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Financing roads and railways with decentralized real estate taxes : The case of Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864. ; 48:3, s. 839-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roads and railways in Sweden are mainly financed with national government taxes. However, the regional distribution of benefits differs widely from that of tax payments. As a consequence, overspending is likely to occur. A condition for efficiency is that the collective of users should pay for such projects. Therefore, we propose a new regional order for financing projects: government expenditures for transportation projects should be transferred to regions as well as the real estate tax to finance them. We present estimates of the size of such expenditures and of the income from real estate taxes following decentralization to regions.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Roland
(författare)
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The efficiency of Swedish regional policy
- 2005
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864. ; 39:4, s. 811-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, I evaluate the efficiency of Swedish regional policy. I analyze the government's regional policy goals and means as presented in Government Bills 1997/1998:62 and 2001/2002:4. In the light of the literature on where growth occurs as well as the results of the regional policy so far, the realism of the government's goal of "sustainable economic growth in the whole country" could be questioned. Subsidies to companies in problematic regions have uncertain or even negative effects. The government could therefore eliminate these subsidies and replace them with venture capital loans. It could also stop its subsidies to municipal housing companies for shutting down apartments. The positive effects of the government's tax and subsidy system for the municipalities, motivated by its distribution goal, come at the price of negative effects on incentives for a high national rate of growth. The government could replace this system with extended general subsidies. Investments in transportation projects that do not show a net benefit, such as the large Bothnia Railway in northern Sweden should be reconsidered. However, I find significant and systematic evidence that the government's investments in regional colleges, particularly in research, have been successful.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bergkvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Regional valuation of infrastructure and transport attributes for Swedish road freight
- 2001
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864. ; 35:4, s. 547-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is it possible to identify regional differences among shippers in their valuation of infrastructure improvements? In this study, the question is analysed using a random utility approach, where parameters are estimated by a logit model. Data consist of a Swedish stated-preference study from 1992. The results indicate that regional differences exist, but that a considerable heterogeneity in the empirical data means that in some cases the results are not robust. However, when industrial mix, shipping distance, and goods values are held constant, the analysis still indicates the existence of regional differences. Independently of the limitations in the results, the study has implications for any infrastructure benefit analysis where parameters from spatial averages are used. The results are based on short-term decisions, and one should recognise that parameters may vary in the mid- and long-term.
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Plants' entry and exit in Swedish municipalities
- 2001
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864. ; 35:3, s. 431-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants' entry and exit behaviour in Swedish municipalities are studied within a fixed-effect, integer-valued autoregressive model. Based on eight industrial sectors, 1985-1993, and all municipalities, models are estimated by a generalized method of moment estimator. Influences on entry and exit are systematic and spatially as well as temporally variable. Responses to explanatory variables differ between sectors. Average income, local unemployment and higher education are found to be important determinants of both entry and exit across sectors.
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| 10. |
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