| 1. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Quaternion approach to PMD and PDL phenomena in optical fiber systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 22:4, s. 1137-1146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we introduce the concept of quaternions (which is a generalization of the complex numbers) and quaternion calculus and demonstrate how this theory may be used to simplify the treatment of polarization phenomena in optical fibers. We apply quaternion calculus to two examples: 1) the description of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) elements and concatenation of such and 2) the description of pulse dynamics and broadening in transmission lines with both polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and PDL. Finally we present some novel results from the investigation of pulse broadening in a simple system comprising a PMD element, followed by a perfect polarizer.
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| 2. |
- Vinegoni, Claudio, et al.
(författare)
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The statistics of polarization-dependent loss in a recirculating loop
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 22:4, s. 968-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study the statistical distribution of the accumulated polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in a recirculating loop. The distribution is studied both via numerical simulations and with analytical theory and very good agreement is found between the two. In addition, we have experimentally obtained the probability density distribution for the PDL and, even in this case, we find good agreement with the predicted one. The mean accumulated PDL is found to grow linearly with the number of circulations N in contraposition to a straight-line system. Moreover, the statistical distribution tends to become uniformly distributed as N is increasing. Finally, the statistics of the PDL for a recirculating loop, when considering small values of PDL, is found to be equal to the statistics of the differential group delay for recirculating loops.
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