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| 2. |
- Hellström, E., et al.
(author)
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Third-order dispersion compensation using a phase modulator
- 2003
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 20:5, s. 1188-1197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compensation of third-order dispersion in a fiber-optic transmission system using a phase modulator is studied both theoretically and experimentally. A sinusoidal signal is used as modulation function, where the amplitude and phase delay are optimized. The 2-ps input pulses (160-Gb/s compatible) were transmitted through a 626-km fiber link, where the characteristic oscillating tail was measured with a 1.6-ps resolution optical sampling system. When applying the phase modulation, the oscillating tail was significantly suppressed. The pulses were also used in a 160-Gb/s transmission experiment, where the eye diagrams were measured with the sampling system. Numerical simulations and practical experiments showed excellent agreement.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Nonlinearities on PMD-Induced System Impairments
- 2006
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 24:11, s. 4127-4137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that cross-phase-modulation-induced polarization rotation, cross-polarization modulation (XPolM), significantly degrades the performance of polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) compensators. In this paper, the research on XPolM is reviewed, unique simulations of XPolM in the presence of walk off are presented, and some pitfalls are demonstrated with respect to choice of data streams in such simulations. Then, the authors discuss how XPolM affects PMD and PMD-induced outage probabilities (OP) in fiber-communication systems by providing analytical formulas for the OP with and without XPolM. Finally, the XPolM and PMD compensation are tied together by giving simple rules of thumb for when XPolM degrades PMD compensated systems, and PMD mitigation methods that are robust to XPolM are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Sunnerud, Henrik, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Polarization-mode dispersion measurements along installed optical fibers using gated backscattered light and a polarimeter
- 2000
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 18:7, s. 897-904
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe two new techniques that utilize a polarimeter for studying the state of polarization of gated Rayleigh-backscattered or Fresnel-backreflected light along optical fibers in real time on the Poincare sphere. The first method, using Rayleigh-backscattered light, is here applied to measure the accumulation of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) along an 11.5 km section of installed fiber link. With a simplified configuration, the second technique is developed and applied for measuring the PMD of individual fiber subsections in a 37 km long link. This is achieved by using the Fresnel-reflections which arise from the fiber connectors that join the link.
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| 5. |
- Vinegoni, Claudio, et al.
(author)
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The statistics of polarization-dependent loss in a recirculating loop
- 2004
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 22:4, s. 968-976
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we study the statistical distribution of the accumulated polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in a recirculating loop. The distribution is studied both via numerical simulations and with analytical theory and very good agreement is found between the two. In addition, we have experimentally obtained the probability density distribution for the PDL and, even in this case, we find good agreement with the predicted one. The mean accumulated PDL is found to grow linearly with the number of circulations N in contraposition to a straight-line system. Moreover, the statistical distribution tends to become uniformly distributed as N is increasing. Finally, the statistics of the PDL for a recirculating loop, when considering small values of PDL, is found to be equal to the statistics of the differential group delay for recirculating loops.
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