| 1. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment of the gut microbiota in Western infants.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 98:2, s. 229-38
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adult individuals, the intestinal microbiota comprises several hundred, mostly anaerobic, bacterial species. This complex ecosystem is formed through the successive establishment of different bacteria in infancy and early childhood. Facultative and aerotolerant bacteria establish first, followed by more and more strict anaerobes. The bacteria derive from different sources and the colonization pattern is influenced by delivery mode and environmental factors. Commensal microbes provide the major drive for maturation of the immune system. Increased hygiene appears to have changed the gut flora of Western infants, which may affect the risk of developing immune mediated diseases. CONCLUSION: It is clear that the process of infant colonization needs to be studied further, since composition of the microbiota may impact on child health.
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| 2. |
- Alfven, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Review of childhood pain highlights the role of negative stress.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:12, s. 2148-2156
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Recurrent pain of unknown origin is a major problem in children. The aim of the present review was to examine the hypothesis of negative stress as an aetiology of recurrent pain from different aspects.METHODS AND RESULTS: Epidemiological studies, clinical experience and hormonal data give support for such a hypothesis. Negative stress as a tentative aetiology for recurrent pain is reviewed. Stress, muscular tension, the startle reaction and its tentative relation to pain is illuminated. Deviations of hormonal secretion supporting a stress aetiology is mentioned. The role of central sensitization for recurrent pain is discussed. Possible aetiological implications of recurrent pain as a local symptom or a general disorder are presented. Brain changes due to stress is shortly reviewed. Stress and pain in the clinic are highlighted. The importance of biological, psychological and social factors, as well as genetic elements, are-Ddiscussed.CONCLUSION: Stress elicits neurobiological mechanisms. They may lead to many neurophysiological deviances. Increase of muscle tension and neuromuscular excitability and enhanced startle reaction may be of importance for recurring pain. The identification of stress as a primary cause of recurrent pain can have huge implications for understanding signs and treatment in clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Andell Jason, Eva
(författare)
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Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities negatively affect outcome in children with unprovoked seizures-A non-systematic review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:11, s. 2944-2950
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with epilepsy have at least one comorbidity in 80% of cases. This unstructured review provides insights into the most common comorbidities, their effects on seizure prognosis and treatment. We also review the epilepsy terminology and classifications. Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities were common in children with seizures and had a negative effect on quality of life, and seizure freedom. Children with seizures were treated with drugs used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression or psychosis, more often than the general population but less often than prevalence rates would suggested. Conclusion Multidisciplinary teams should assess comorbidities in children with epilepsy to improve their care and outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Bernfort, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD from a socio-economic perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:2, s. 239-245
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related disorders affect children's ability to function in school and other environments. Awareness has increased in recent years that the same problems often persist in adulthood. Based on previous studies, we aimed to outline and discuss a descriptive model for calculation of the societal costs associated with ADHD and related disorders. Methods: Following a literature review including childhood and adult studies, long-term outcomes of ADHD and associated societal costs were outlined in a simple model. Results: The literature concerning long-term consequences of ADHD and related disorders is scarce. There is some evidence regarding educational level, psychosocial problems, substance abuse, psychiatric problems and risky behaviour. The problems are likely to affect employment status, healthcare consumption, traffic and other accidents and criminality. A proposed model structure includes persisting problems in adulthood, possible undesirable outcomes (and their probabilities) and (lifetime) costs associated with these outcomes. Conclusions: Existing literature supports the conclusion that ADHD and related disorders are associated with a considerable societal burden. To estimate that burden with any accuracy, more detailed long-term data are needed. © 2007 The Author(s).
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| 5. |
- Bhavsar, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Pertussis in infants in Nordic countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:7, s. 2040-2044
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: A life-course immunisation approach is required to prevent and control pertussis. We aimed at reviewing pertussis incidence among infants in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, and at putting these data in the context of national surveillance systems and vaccination schedules.Methods: We collected 2014–2018 data on pertussis incidence, on pertussis vaccination schedules and on coverage of the third dose of the diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine from publicly available sources. We gathered opinions on national surveillance systems from public health and paediatrics experts of the relevant countries.Results: The pertussis vaccination schedules and coverage in infancy were similar across countries. All countries except Denmark recommended an additional booster vaccine dose for adolescents. None of the countries had maternal immunisation recommendation. Mean pertussis incidence in Denmark, Sweden and Finland was 168, 76 and 35 per 100,000 infant-years, respectively. Data were insufficient to derive a mean incidence in Norway. There were no systematic differences in the national surveillance systems across the countries.Conclusion: The higher mean pertussis incidence in Denmark may be explained by the lack of recommendations for adolescent pertussis booster vaccination. Further investigations are warranted.
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| 6. |
- Bolte, S., et al.
(författare)
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How can clinicians detect and treat autism early? Methodological trends of technology use in research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:2, s. 137-144
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reviewed original research papers that used quantifiable technology to detect early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identified 376 studies from 34 countries from 1965 to 2013. Publications have increased significantly since 2000, with most coming from the USA. Electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging and eye tracking were the most frequently used technologies. Conclusion: The use of quantifiable technology to detect early ASD has increased in recent decades, but has had limited impact on early detection and treatment. Further scientific developments are anticipated, and we hope that they will increasingly be used in clinical practice for early ASD screening, diagnosis and intervention.
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| 7. |
- Brandström, Per, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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How Swedish guidelines on urinary tract infections in children compare to Canadian, American and European guidelines
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:6, s. 1759-1771
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in children and the guidelines focus on preventing kidney damage. We compared the 2013 national Swedish guidelines on UTIs in children with the guidelines from America, Canada, UK, Spain, Italy and European urologists. This showed that urinalysis and urine cultures are endorsed by all the guidelines, but sampling techniques and bacteria levels differ. They all recommend initial oral treatment and renal ultrasound to detect major anomalies in infants. The Swedish guidelines are more liberal on antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusion Differences in diagnostic criteria, workup and accepted methods for urine sampling were noted and are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Brimdyr, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Skin-to-skin contact after birth : Developing a research and practice guideline
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 112:8, s. 1633-1643
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimSkin-to-skin contact immediately after birth is recognised as an evidence-based best practice and an acknowledged contributor to improved short- and long-term health outcomes including decreased infant mortality. However, the implementation and definition of skin-to-skin contact is inconsistent in both practice and research studies. This project utilised the World Health Organization guideline process to clarify best practice and improve the consistency of application. MethodsThe rigorous guideline development process combines a systematic review with acumen and judgement of experts with a wide range of credentials and experience. ResultsThe developed guideline received a strong recommendation from the Expert Panel. The result concluded that there was a high level of confidence in the evidence and that the practice is not resource intensive. Research gaps were identified and areas for continued work were delineated. ConclusionThe World Health Organization guideline development process reached the conclusion immediate, continuous, uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact should be the standard of care for all mothers and all babies (from 1000 g with experienced staff if assistance is needed), after all modes of birth. Delaying non-essential routine care in favour of uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact after birth has been shown to be safe and allows for the progression of newborns through their instinctive behaviours.
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| 9. |
- Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar, et al.
(författare)
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Does the Helping Babies Breathe Programme impact on neonatal resuscitation care practices? : Results from systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:5, s. 806-813
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This paper examines the change in neonatal resuscitation practices after the implementation of the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) programme.Methods: A systematic review was carried out on studies reporting the impact of HBB programmes among the literature found in Medline, POPLINE, LILACS, African Index Medicus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region database. We selected clinical trials with randomised control, quasi-experimental and cross-sectional designs. We used a data extraction tool to extract information on intervention and outcome reporting. We carried out a meta-analysis of the extracted data on the neonatal resuscitation practices following HBB programme using Review Manager.Results: Four studies that reported on neonatal resuscitation practices before and after the implementation of the HBB programme were identified. The pooled results showed no changes in the use of stimulation (RR-0.54; 95% CI, 0.21-1.42), suctioning (RR-0.48; 95% CI, 0.18-1.27) and bag-and-mask ventilation (RR-0.93; 95% CI, 0.47-1.83) after HBB training. The proportion of babies receiving bag-and-mask ventilation within the Golden Minute of birth increased by more than 2.5 times (RR-2.67; 95% CI, 2.17-3.28).Conclusion: The bag-and-mask ventilation within Golden minute has improved following the HBB programme. Implementation of HBB training improves timely initiation of bag-and-mask ventilation within one minute of birth.
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| 10. |
- Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar, et al.
(författare)
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Does the Helping Babies Breathe Programme impact on neonatal resuscitation care practices? Results from systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 108:5, s. 806-813
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the change in neonatal resuscitation practices after the implementation of the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) programme.A systematic review was carried out on studies reporting the impact of HBB programmes among the literature found in Medline, POPLINE, LILACS, African Index Medicus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region database. We selected clinical trials with randomised control, quasi-experimental and cross-sectional designs. We used a data extraction tool to extract information on intervention and outcome reporting. We carried out a meta-analysis of the extracted data on the neonatal resuscitation practices following HBB programme using Review Manager.Four studies that reported on neonatal resuscitation practices before and after the implementation of the HBB programme were identified. The pooled results showed no changes in the use of stimulation (RR-0.54; 95% CI, 0.21-1.42), suctioning (RR-0.48; 95% CI, 0.18-1.27) and bag-and-mask ventilation (RR-0.93; 95% CI, 0.47-1.83) after HBB training. The proportion of babies receiving bag-and-mask ventilation within the Golden Minute of birth increased by more than 2.5 times (RR-2.67; 95% CI, 2.17-3.28).The bag-and-mask ventilation within Golden minute has improved following the HBB programme. Implementation of HBB training improves timely initiation of bag-and-mask ventilation within one minute of birth.
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