| 1. |
- Lindstedt, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Personality traits as predictors of occupational performance and life satisfaction among mentally disordered offenders
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:5, s. 357-364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated to what extent personality traits, e.g. socialization, proneness for anxiety, aggression and hostility were associated with and predictive of self-reported and observed occupational performance and perceived life satisfaction among male mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). Also, subjects with psychopathic-related personality traits were compared with subjects without such traits regarding demographic data and dependent variables. The MDOs were included from the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine. A total of 55 subjects were visited at their hospital ward for data collection with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), Capability to Perform Daily Occupation (CPDO), Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) and the Manchester Quality of Life Scale (MANSA). Seven KSP scales and two KSP factors correlated significantly with the dependent variables. Regression analyses revealed that the KSP Socialization scale, the KSP Anxiety-proneness and Psychopathy factors were the most important predictors. Subjects with psychopathy differed from remaining groups by having more conduct disorders before 15 years, being more often brought up in outcasted families and less subjected to measures of pupil welfare activities. The life history was concluded to be important influencing occupational performance and life satisfaction. Subjects with high anxiety proneness should be given attention in treatment planning.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ntini, Iordana, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale – self-assessment for use in adolescents : an evaluation of psychometric and diagnostic accuracy
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 74:6, s. 415-422
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Montgomery-angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scale - Self Assessment (MADRS-S) is used to assess symptom severity in major depressive disorder (MDD) among adolescents, but its psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy are unclear.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore psychometric properties, including diagnostic accuracy, of the MADRS-S in adolescent psychiatric outpatients.Method: Adolescent psychiatric outpatients (N = 105, mean age 16 years, 46 boys) completed the MADRS-S and were interviewed using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS).Results: In principal component analysis, two components with eigenvalues of 4.6 and 1.3 explained 51.1% and 14.4% of the variance, respectively. On the first component loaded items assessing Mood, Feelings of unease, Appetite, Initiative, Pessimism, and Zest for life. On the second component loaded items assessing Sleep, Ability to concentrate, and Emotional involvement. Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) for all items was 0.87. Spearman's rho was 0.68 for concurrent validity (correlation between total MADRS-S-score and K-SADS MDD severity score). In receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.78-0.93, p < .001). For all the participants, the highest combined sensitivity and specificity were reached using cut-offs of 15 and 16 (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.86). Optimizing sensitivity for MDD, with specificity still >= 0.5, cut off for all was 9, for boys 7 and for girls 10.Conclusion: Psychometric properties of MADRS-S showed good reliability and validity as well as satisfying diagnostic accuracy, indicating good to excellent properties for MDD screening of adolescent psychiatric patients.
|
|
| 3. |
- Sjöberg, Rickard L, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender biases in decisions on euthanasia among Swedish jurors
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 57:6, s. 469-471
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study set out to investigate whether group- based biases may influence decisions regarding euthanasia in Swedish jurors ( namndeman). Thirty- eight Swedish jurors were presented with a case description of euthanasia in a severely brain- damaged patient. Age and gender of the patient were systematically varied. The jurors were asked to what extent they believed that euthanasia was ethical in the case presented to them and whether they thought that it should be legal. Jurors tended to be supportive of euthanasia and were more so when it was used on patients who belonged to the opposite gender. These results suggest that group- based biases may influence decisions regarding euthanasia in Swedish jurors. The finding has implication for the Swedish debate regarding a possible legalization of such procedures.
|
|
| 4. |
- Soderstrom, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative and subjective behavioural aspects in the assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 68:1, s. 30-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-rating scales and cognitive tests are instruments used in the assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have examined the differential validity of these kinds of instruments in psychiatric samples. Aims: To examine the discriminative validity of two self-report scales (ADHD Self-Report Scale [ASRS v. 1.1], Current Symptom Scale [CSS]) and a continuous performance test with measures of motor activity (QBTest Plus). Methods: The interrelation between the instruments, and their abilities to differentiate between patients with an ADHD diagnosis and non-ADHD patients referred for psychiatric assessment were examined in a naturalistic sample of 61 adult patients. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the dichotomized versions of the test variables in all tests ranged from 0.61 to 0.71. The ASRS and CSS exhibited sensitivity of 90.2% and 85.4%, and specificity of 35.0% and 40.0%, respectively. Variables from the QBTest Plus showed the opposite result for the variables QBImpulsivity and QBInattention, with sensitivity of 58.5% and 36.3% and specifi city of 80.0% and 100.0%. Sensitivity and specifi city of QBActivity were 68.3% and 65.0%, respectively. A stepwise discriminant function analysis showed that two variables from the QBTest Plus-QBInattention and QBActivity-accounted for 22.8% of the between-group variability, with the strongest predictor being QBInattention. The function yielded an overall correct classification of 72.1%. The classification correctly identified 87.8% of patients diagnosed with ADHD and 40.0% of non-ADHD patients. Conclusion: The discriminant validity of self-rating scales and the more objective measure of ADHD symptoms are poor and should be integrated generally with other sources of data.
|
|
| 5. |
- Sonnby, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Symptoms of ADHD and depression in a large adolescent population : Co-occurring symptoms and associations to experiences of sexual abuse
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 65:5, s. 315-322
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Symptoms of either attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression constitute the most common reasons for contact with child and adolescent psychiatry. The development of psychiatric symptoms can be explained by a combination of environmental stress events and genetic vulnerability. One common form of environmental stress with high impact on health is sexual abuse.Aims: To investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of symptoms of ADHD and depression in relation to experiences of sexual abuse in a large adolescent general population.Method: All 15- and 18-year-old students (n = 4910) in the Swedish county of Vestmanland answered a school-based screening instrument including the six-question ADHD self-rating scale (ASRS), the Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) and questions relating to experiences of sexual abuse.Results: The prevalence of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression was 2.4% (boys 1.0%, girls 3.9%). The prevalence of experience of any sexual abuse was 20.9% (boys 13.3%, girls 28.7%). Of those with co-occurring symptoms, 48% of the boys and 47% of the girls reported a history of sexual abuse.Conclusions: School-based screening for co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression might be a method that identifies students at psychiatric and psychosocial risk.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sonnby, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale for adolescents
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 69:3, s. 216-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS) is a widely used diagnostic tool for assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in clinical psychiatry in Sweden. The ASRS consists of 18 questions, the first six of which can be used as a short screening version (ASRS-S). There is a version for adolescents—ASRS-Adolescent (ASRS-A)—and the corresponding screening version (ASRS-A-S), which has not been validated to date.Aim: The aim was to validate the ASRS-A and the ASRS-A-S for use in adolescent clinical populations.Methods: Adolescent psychiatric outpatients (n = 134, mean age 15 years, 40% boys) reported on the ASRS-A, and were interviewed with the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), a semi-structured interview, together with a parent.Results: Internal consistency was 0.79 for the ASRS-A-S and 0.92 for the ASRS-A (Cronbach's alpha). Internal consistency values were 0.79 and 0.87 for the inattention subscale, and 0.68 and 0.89 for the hyperactivity subscale, respectively. Concurrent validity values, measured with Spearman's correlation coefficient, between the total K-SADS ADHD symptom severity score and the sum of ASRS-A-S and ASRS-A total scores were 0.51 and 0.60, respectively. Psychometric properties of the ASRS-A-S and the ASRS-A were: sensitivity 74% and 79%; negative predictive value 81% and 84%; specificity 59% and 60%; and positive predictive value 49% and 51%, respectively. Both versions showed better properties for girls than for boys.Conclusion: Both the ASRS-A-S and the ASRS-A showed promising psychometric properties for use in adolescent clinical populations.
|
|
| 7. |
- Torres Soler, Catalina, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic accuracy of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale parent report among adolescent psychiatric outpatients
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 72:3, s. 184-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The diagnostic accuracy of the parent report of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-P) for the screening of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents has not been evaluated.AIM: The aim was to explore the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the MADRS-P in general child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient services in Sweden.METHOD: The study was a validation and a diagnostic accuracy study. Consecutive adolescent psychiatric patients (n = 101, 45 males, mean age 15 years) were assessed with a diagnostic interview, the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), as a reference test. Thereafter, their parents reported on the MADRS-P. Both categorical MDD diagnoses and dimensional MDD symptom severity scores were obtained from the K-SADS-PL.RESULTS: The internal consistency of the MADRS-P, measured with Cronbach's alpha, was 0.846. The concurrent validity, assessed by Spearman's rho as a correlation between the K-SADS MDD symptom severity score and the MADRS-P score, was 0.580. The area under the curve in a receiver operating characteristic analysis for all participants was 0.786 (95% confidence interval 0.694-0.877, p < .001). At a cut-off of 10, sensitivity was 0.86, specificity 0.54, positive predictive value 0.59 and negative predictive value 0.84.CONCLUSIONS: The parent-rated MADRS-P showed similar psychometric properties as previously shown for the self-rated MADRS-S in adults. Although the MADRS-P has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for screening for MDD in adolescents in a general psychiatric setting, it cannot be used alone for diagnosing MDD.
|
|
