| 1. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Small business innovation : firm level evidence from Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 37:5, s. 732-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines innovation among very small firms and provides new insights into both internal and external determinants of patenting. Applying a non-linear panel data approach to about 160,000 observations on manufacturing firms in Sweden for the period 2000-2006, the following facts emerge: (i) in contrast to larger firms, innovation in micro firms with 1-10 employees is not sensitive to variation in internal financial resources, (ii) skilled labour is even more important for innovation among micro firms compared to other firms, (iii) affiliation to a domestically owned multinational enterprise group increases the innovation capacity of small businesses, (iv) small firms' innovation is closely linked to participation in international trade and exports to the G7-countries, and (v) there is no statistically significant evidence that proximity to metropolitan areas, or presence in a specialized cluster, increases the innovativeness of the smallest firm.
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| 2. |
- Criaco, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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“To have and have not”: founders’ human capital and university start-up survival
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 39:4, s. 567-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to preserve innovation, knowledge development and diffusion, as well as the transfer of new technologies, the emergence of University Start-Ups (USU) and their survival as a particular dimension of performance represents a relevant research topic. As USU generally have scarce initial resources, the human capital of their founders is one of their main business assets. Although the survival of such firms is supposed to be heavily dependent on the human capital characteristics of their founders, this has not received enough attention in existing research. In this paper we investigate the contribution of founders’ specific human capital characteristics to the survival of USU, building on Gimeno et al. (Adm Sci Q 42:750–783, 1997) threshold model of entrepreneurial exit. We divide USU founders’ specific human capital into three components (entrepreneurship, industry and university) in order to better understand its impact on firm survival. Our theoretical model is empirically tested on a unique sample of Catalan USU through a logistic regression analysis. Coherently with our theoretical reasoning, the results show that industry human capital negatively affect USU survival, while university human capital and entrepreneurship human capital enhance the likelihood of USU survival.
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| 3. |
- Kariv, Dafna, et al.
(författare)
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Process innovation is technology transfer too! How entrepreneurial businesses manage product and process innovation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expanding upon Mansfield's framework (In: R&D, patents, and productivity. University of Chicago Press, pp 127–154, 1984; Am Econ Rev 78(2):223–228, 1988), this study seeks to unravel the foundational drivers influencing product and process innovation. Addressing the prevailing bias in research towards product innovation, tis study aims at highlighting the imperative role of process innovation in enhancing business competitiveness. In our study encompassing 509 entrepreneurs from Quebec, we used mixed methods to explore stakeholder relationship strategies—differentiated by bridging and buffering—and growth aspirations, as innovation drivers. Findings show that implementing bridging strategies, marked by expanded external connections and collaboration, stimulates both product and process innovation. However, the pursuit of process innovation concurrently attracts buffering strategies, entailing stringent secrecy and limited transparency to uphold the business independence. Our findings prove the business vulnerability when developing process innovation. Moreover, our study illuminates the pivotal role of growth aspirations in steering innovation, manifested in either collaborative (bridging) or protective (buffering) approaches, providing novel insights into the prevailing forces driving innovation. Our research contributes to current research by revealing the pivotal role of process innovation in shaping the innovation landscape. Elucidating innovation drivers enhances our understanding of the multifaceted dynamics fostering both product and process innovation, providing a framework for future investigations.
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| 4. |
- Kraemer-Eis, H., et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial finance in Europe and the Russian war against Ukraine
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior research has investigated how the prices of stocks and commodities as well as inflation levels have been affected by the Russian war against Ukraine. So far, however, we know little about the impacts of the war on the entrepreneurial finance sector. Prior research on the effects of unexpected exogenous crisis events on entrepreneurial finance suggests a strong negative impact on new and follow-on funding for entrepreneurial ventures. Our study regards the Russian war against Ukraine as an unexpected exogenous crisis event and explores its impact on the entrepreneurial finance sector. It goes beyond a mere sentiment and impact analysis and also explores the underlying reasons and mechanisms as well as potential response and coping strategies employed by entrepreneurial finance investors. Based on two surveys of European venture capital (VC) and private equity (PE) investors, we find that the war had a strong negative impact on the two types of investors and their respective funds. Both VC and PE investors report more risk-aversion of limited partners (LPs) and LPs leaving the market as important challenges resulting in an overall lower willingness of LPs to invest. This applies in particular to banks, insurance funds, and pension funds. On the portfolio firm level, securing equity financing and maintaining liquidity were considered pressing issues. Overall, the situation seems to be more difficult for portfolio companies of VC as compared to PE investors. For the former, the financing- and liquidity-related issues seem to be more existential and survival-threatening. Responding to these challenges, both VC and PE investors altered their industry focus and put more emphasis on entrepreneurial experience. Financial investment selection criteria such as financial valuation, profitability, and cash- as well as revenue-generating capacity also increased in importance. Again, differences between VC and PE investors exist. Our study has implications for entrepreneurial finance theory and practice and concludes with an agenda for research on the impacts of the Russian war against Ukraine on entrepreneurial finance.
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| 5. |
- Sandström, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Public policy for academic entrepreneurship initiatives : a review and critical discussion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 43:5, s. 1232-1256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a critical review and discussion of current literature on technology transfer, incubators, and academic entrepreneurship. Drawing upon the notion of robustness in social systems and public choice theory, we review, code, and taxonomize 166 studies to assess the likelihood that these initiatives will generate innovation and economic growth. We find that academic entrepreneurship initiatives are characterized by conflicting goals, weak incentive structures for universities and academics, and are contextually dependent upon factors such as university strength. Our results suggest that there are critical boundary conditions that are unlikely to be fulfilled when universities and policymakers enact policies to support academic entrepreneurship initiatives. Policymakers therefore need to be cautious in the potential design of such initiatives. We discuss how technology transfer from universities might be better achieved through alternative mechanisms such as contract research, licensing, consulting and increased labor mobility among researchers.
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