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- Durbeej, N., et al.
(författare)
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Substance abuse treatment as a predictor of criminal recidivism among psychiatrically examined Swedish offenders
- 2010
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 25:Supplement 1, s. 32-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Substance abuse is clearly associated with criminal recidivism among offenders with and without mental disorder. Treatment for substance abuse correlates with lower rates of re-offending among participants in outpatient-based as well as institution-based substance abuse treatment programs. However, for offenders with mental disorder, research on the possible preventive effect of substance abuse treatment on criminal recidivism is sparse. This paper reports from on an ongoing naturalistic and prospective interview study on the relationship between post-release outpatient substance abuse treatment and re-offending. Methods. The Stockholm county sample comprises 246 offenders of both genders subjected to a forensic psychiatric assessment, who screened positive for substance abuse problems. Eighty-five percent (n=210) agreed to participate in the study. Baseline data and follow-up interview data, collected immediately on release from incarceration (prison/forensic hospital) and 6 and 12 months later, include self-reported substance abuse, treatment involvement and criminality. By February 2010, data will be available from the first follow-up for 150 participants, from the second follow-up for 80 individuals and from the third follow-up for 10 subjects. Results and conclusions. The focus of the presentation will be recidivism comparisons between substance abuse treatment utilizers and those who decline treatment. Data on ongoing levels of substance abuse, mental health problems and offending will serve as dependent variables. Additional analyses will present perceived benefit from and reasons for accepting or rejecting treatment.
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| 4. |
- Helldin, L., et al.
(författare)
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A functional comparison of patients with schizophrenia between the North and South of Europe
- 2012
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 27:6, s. 442-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The main objective of this study was to compare clinical and functional outcomes of patients with schizophrenia in Italy and Sweden with a special focus on daily functioning performance and real life milestones. Also, to study if outcome is to be regarded as a consequence of premorbid function, the level of symptom control and functional capacity or if other influences, such as cultural differences, must parallel be considered. Method: Ninety-five patients from three centres, Milan and Naples in Italy and Trollhattan in Sweden were investigated. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment - Brief version were used together with patients' school history and their status of accommodation and occupation. Results: Patients in Trollhattan were more likely to live independently and patients in Naples to have a work or take part in education. Differences in symptoms and the performance test were present but subtle. Discussion: Differences in real life milestones were not explained by corresponding differences in symptoms, premorbid function or the performance-based test. It is therefore not appropriate only to present functional outcome as an expression of how successful treatment has been. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The danger of being inattentive – ADHD symptoms and risky sexual behaviour in Russian adolescents
- 2018
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; :47, s. 42-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractBackground Prior research has indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may be associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviour (RSB). However, research on this association among adolescents has been comparatively limited and mainly confined to North America. The aim of this study was to examine if inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were linked to RSB in a community cohort sample of Russian adolescents. Methods The study was based on a group of 537 adolescents from Northern Russia. Information on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as well as conduct problems was obtained through teacher ratings, while information on RSB (previous unprotected sex, number of sexual partners, sex while intoxicated and partner pregnancies), substance use, perception of risk, and parenting behaviour was based on students’ self-reports. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between the variables. Results Teacher-rated inattention symptoms predicted RSB, independently of co-morbid conduct problems, substance use, risk perception, and different parenting styles (parental warmth, involvement and control). In addition, male sex, binge drinking and a lower assessment of perceived risk were all significantly associated with RSB in an adjusted model. Neither teacher-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms nor conduct problems were linked to RSB in the full model. Conclusions Deficits in planning and organizing behaviours, being easily distracted and forgetful seem to be of importance for RSB in Russian adolescents. This highlights the importance of discriminating between different types of ADHD symptoms in adolescence to prevent risk behaviours and their potentially detrimental outcomes on health and well-being.
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| 6. |
- McCracken, Lance M., 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological impact of covid-19 in the Swedish population : Depression, anxiety, and insomnia and their associations to risk and vulnerability factors
- 2020
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 63:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, with its associated restrictions on daily life, is like a perfect storm for poor mental health and wellbeing. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health and wellbeing during the ongoing pandemic in Sweden.Method:Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and insomnia as well as measures of risk and vulnerability factors known to be associated with poor mental health outcomes were administered through a national, online, cross-sectional survey (n = 1,212; mean age 36.1 years; 73% women).Result:Our findings show significant levels of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in Sweden, at rates of 30%, 24.2%, and 38%, respectively. The strongest predictors of these outcomes included poor self-rated overall health and a history of mental health problems. The presence of COVID-19 symptoms and specific health and financial worries related to the pandemic also appeared important.Conclusions:The impacts of COVID-19 on mental health in Sweden are comparable to impacts shown in previous studies in Italy and China. Importantly, the pandemic seems to impose most on the mental health of those already burdened with the impacts of mental health problems. These results provide a basis for providing more support for vulnerable groups, and for developing psychological interventions suited to the ongoing pandemic and for similar events in the future.
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| 8. |
- Hirvikoski, T., et al.
(författare)
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Psychoeducational groups for adults with ADHD and their significant others (PEGASUS) : A pragmatic multicenter and randomized controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 44, s. 141-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the feasibility, efficacy, and effectiveness of PEGASUS, a group-based structured psychoeducation for adults with ADHD and their significant others.Method: A pragmatic parallel group add-on design multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted, comparing an 8-session treatment with PEGASUS (allocated n = 97; 48 with ADHD and 49 with significant others) to treatment as usual (TAU, allocated n = 82; 39 with ADHD and 43 significant others). Participants (individuals with ADHD and significant others) were recruited from five psychiatric outpatient departments and block randomized to PEGASUS or TAU. Knowledge about ADHD was measured using the ADHD 20 scale pre- and post-intervention and served as primary outcome.Results: Knowledge about ADHD (d = 0.97 [95% CI: 0.61–1.31]) increased following PEGASUS participation compared to TAU. Improvements were also observed in secondary outcomes e.g. global life satisfaction (d = 0.25 [95% CI: from –0.09 to 0.59]). Overall treatment satisfaction was good. Over 90% of the participants completed the program. Post-intervention data was obtained from n = 89 in PEGASUS group and n = 70 in TAU group and analyses were conducted per protocol. No important adverse effects or side effects were observed.Conclusions: Group-based structured psychoeducation PEGASUS for adults with ADHD and their significant others is a feasible, efficacious, and effective treatment option to increase ADHD knowledge and general life satisfaction in psychiatric outpatient care.
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| 9. |
- Kaldo, V., et al.
(författare)
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AI-driven adaptive treatment strategies in internet-delivered CBT
- 2021
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 64, s. S20-S20
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Adaptive Treatment Strategies warns therapists of patients at risk of treatment failure to prompt an adaption of the intervention. Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (ICBT) collects a wide range of data before and during treatment and can quickly be adapted by adjusting the level of therapist support. Objectives: To evaluate how accurate machine learning algorithms can predict a single patient’s final outcome and evaluate the opportunities for using them within an Adaptive Treatment Strategy. Methods: Over 6000 patients at the Internet Psychiatry Clinic in Stockholm receiving ICBT for major depression, panic disorder or social anxiety disorder composed a training data set for eight different machine learning methods (e.g. k-Nearest Neighbour, random forest, and multilayer perceptrons). Symptom measures, messages between therapist and patient, homework reports, and other data from baseline to treatment week four was used to predict treatment success (either 50% reduction or under clinical cut-off) for each primary symptom outcome. Results: The Balanced Accuracy for predicting failure/success always were significantly better than chance, varied between 56% and 77% and outperformed the predictive precision in a previous Adaptive Treatment Strategy trial. Predictive power increased when data from treatment weeks was cumulatively added to baseline data. Conclusions: The machine learning algorithms outperformed a predictive algorithm previously used in a successful Adaptive Treatment Strategy, even though the latter also received input from a therapist. The next steps are to visualize what factors contributes most to a specific patient’s prediction and to enhance predictive power even further by so called Ensemble Learning.No significant relationships.
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| 10. |
- Reissner, V., et al.
(författare)
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Differences in drug consumption, comorbidity and health service use of opioid addicts across six European urban regions (TREAT-project)
- 2012
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 27:6, s. 455-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This comparative study investigated consumption patterns, comorbidity and treatment utilization of opioid addicts in six European cities (Athens, Essen, London, Padua, Stockholm, Zurich). Subjects and methods: Data were collected by structured face-to-face interviews. The representative sample comprises 599 addicts (100 patients per centre, 99 in London) at the start of a treatment episode. Results: Patients were dependent on opioids for about 10 years. Regional differences were significant regarding the patients' drug consumption pattern and their method of heroin administration (up to a fourth of the patients in Essen, London and Zurich usually smoke heroin). Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, cannabis and alcohol was common in all regions with the German and English samples showing the highest level of polydrug use. The prevalence of major depression was high in all regions (50%). Stockholm and London patients worry most about their physical health. Differences in the amount of needle sharing and especially in the use of public health service were prominent between the sites. Opioid addiction was a long-term disorder associated with a high burden of comorbidity and social problems in all cities. Conclusion: The results of the study show significant interregional differences of opioid addicts which might require different treatment strategies in European countries to handle the problem.
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