| 1. |
- Ekberg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Evidentiality in language and cognition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Functions of language. - : John Benjamins. - 0929-998X .- 1569-9765. ; 16:1, s. 5-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Aijmer, Karin, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Discourse linguistics theory and practice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Functions of Language. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0929-998X .- 1569-9765. ; 21:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Aijmer, Karin, 1939
(författare)
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'Seem' and evidentiality.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Functions of languge. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0929-998X. ; 16:1, s. 63-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper is an empirical, corpus-based analysis of the functions of seem with different complementation structures and in impersonal constructions as well as in combinations with an experiencer. The focus is on describing how evidentiality (e.g. inferencing/observation or hearsay evidence) interacts with degrees of certainty or factivity of the construction. Other features are subjectivity and intersubjectivity (shared or non-shared information). Translations from English into Swedish have been used to get a more fine-grained picture of the degree of certainty expressed by seem and its relationship to the type of evidence. The different constructions with seem and their functions are explained in a grammaticalization perspective. Seem conforms to a number of principles such as layering and divergence (Hopper). Seem to is the most grammaticalized form and can be regarded as an evidential marker which is similar to the modal auxiliaries.
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| 5. |
- Bergqvist, Henrik, 1972
(författare)
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Seeing and knowing Direct evidentials revisited
- 2023
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Ingår i: Functions of Language. - 0929-998X. ; 30:2, s. 183-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper provides evidence against the claim that perceptual access is commonly encoded in direct evidentials. While visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory perception are conveyed by direct evidentials in contexts where such interpretations are appropriate, in others it is the speaker's involvement, affectedness and established beliefs which are conveyed. These may be exclusive to the speaker or shared by the addressee. Instead of information source, it is argued that some direct evidentials encode the speaker's epistemic authority regarding an event based on their primary relation to the event. Epistemic authority concerns the speaker's rights over knowledge and is therefore a relational concept that captures some of the dynamics between speech act participants in terms of knowledge representation and attribution. Support for this argument comes from the diachronic development of direct evidentials, the effects of co-distribution between direct evidentials and person marking (egophoricity), and patterns of use. Data comes from the literature on evidentiality and frequently cited languages from Tucanoan and Quechuan languages that feature well-described, rich evidential systems.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hommerberg, Charlotte, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Appraisal and the language of wine appreciation : A critical discussion of the potential of the Appraisal framework as a tool to analyse specialised genres
- 2015
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Ingår i: Functions of language. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0929-998X .- 1569-9765. ; 22:2, s. 161-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the language used by critics to appraise wine, at the same time investigating the validity and usefulness of categories in the Appraisal framework, as set out by Martin & White (2005). Our analysis of a corpus of wine reviews suggests that sub-categories of Appreciation — used to evaluate products, and non-human targets by reference to aesthetics and other values — may need extending or enhancing in terms of delicacy, depending on the register of the texts under investigation. An adapted version of the Appraisal system of Attitude is used as basis for our investigation. The assessment of our adapted model was carried out in the form of a comparison between two analysts’ independent annotations which function as a basis for a critical discussion of the proposed categories. The bulk of the paper discusses the relevance of our findings for the analysis of specialised genres in general, the field of wine criticism in particular and the application of the Appraisal model for discourse analysis. We conclude that the understanding and application of analytical categories is dependent on the analyst’s previous experience with the Appraisal model as well as acquaintance with the discourse field.
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| 9. |
- Magnusson, Ulrika
(författare)
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Grammatical metaphor in Swedish monolingual and multilingual upper secondary school students' writing
- 2013
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Ingår i: Functions of language. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0929-998X .- 1569-9765. ; 20:2, s. 250-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This partly longitudinal study applies the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics to second language writing to investigate the use of grammatical metaphor (GM; non-congruent realizations of meaning, e. g. nominalizations) in 365 texts written by Swedish mono- and multilingual students in grades 9 and 11. According to the analysis, older students and monolingual students make greater use of GM than younger students and multilingual students. Multilingual students with early and late ages of onset use GM more than multilingual students with onset ages between these two extremes. A relation was found between the occurrence of GM and the use of the potential functions of GM, e. g. expansion of the nominal phrase, which was used more frequently in texts with a higher GM density, contributing to the construction of specialized, educational knowledge. The occurrence of GM was compared to the occurrence of L2 deviations in a subcorpus. These results are interpreted in relation to the Interdependence Hypothesis formulated by Cummins (1979).
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| 10. |
- Malmström, Hans, 1980
(författare)
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Preaching in uncertain terms: the place of hedging language in contemporary sermonic discourse
- 2015
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Ingår i: Functions of Language. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0929-998X .- 1569-9765. ; 22:3, s. 332-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates hedging (standardly assumed to express uncertainty, plausible reasoning and the like) in contemporary sermonic discourse as represented by sermon manuscripts and transcriptions of preacher interviews from three Christian denominations in the UK. The article addresses three research questions: (i) To what extent is preaching employed as a discursive resource during preaching; (ii) What form does hedging take in sermonic discourse; and (iii) What are preachers’ rationale for hedging? The results suggest that hedging is indeed of central concern in sermonic discourse with some kind of hedging device being called upon once every 32 seconds. When preachers hedge they rely on standard and transparent linguistic expressions that typically perform this discourse function, and the repertoire includes both ‘conversational’ hedges and hedges that recall practices characteristic of written academic discourse. When preachers self-report on their rationale for hedging a multitude of different discourse functions become apparent. However, it seems that hedging is rarely used to convey lack of epistemic confidence; rather, hedging is seen as a productive interpersonal means to address one of the main objectives of contemporary, turn-to-the-listener, preaching – namely acknowledging sermon listeners as active partners in a sermonic experience.
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