| 1. |
- Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun, et al.
(författare)
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The history of settlement and agrarian land use in a boreal forestin Värmland, Sweden, new evidence from pollen analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shielings are the historically known form of transhumance in Scandinavia, where livestock were moved from the farmsteadto sites in the outlands for summer grazing. Pollen analysis has provided a valuable insight into the history of shielings. Thispaper presents a vegetation reconstruction and archaeological survey from the shieling Kårebolssätern in northern Värmland,western Sweden, a renovated shieling that is still operating today. The first evidence of human activities in the area nearKårebolssätern are Hordeum- and Cannabis-type pollen grains occurring from ca. 100 bc. Further signs of human impactare charcoal and sporadic occurrences of apophyte pollen from ca. ad 250 and pollen indicating opening of the canopy ca.ad 570, probably a result of modification of the forest for grazing. A decrease in land use is seen between ad 1000 and 1250,possibly in response to a shift in emphasis towards large scale commodity production in the outlands. Emphasis on bloomeryiron production and pitfall hunting may have caused a shift from agrarian shieling activity. The clearest changes in the pollenassemblage indicating grazing and cultivation occur from the mid-thirteenth century, coinciding with wetter climate at thebeginning of the Little Ice Age. The earliest occurrences of anthropochores in the record predate those of other shieling sitesin Sweden. The pollen analysis reveals evidence of land use that predates the results of the archaeological survey. The studyhighlights how pollen analysis can reveal vegetation changes where early archaeological remains are obscure.
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| 2. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Land use history and resource utilisation from A.D. 400to the present, at Chibuene, southern Mozambique
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 23:1, s. 15-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses changing patterns of resource utilisation over time in the locality of Chibuene, Vilankulos, situated on the coastal plain of southern Mozambique. The macroscopic charcoal, bone and shellassemblages from archaeological excavations are presented and discussed against the off-site palaeoecological records from pollen, fungal spores and microscopic charcoal. The Chibuene landscape has experienced four phases of land use and resource utilisation that have interacted with changes in the environment. Phase 1 (A.D. 400–900), forest savanna mosaic, low intensity cattle herding and cultivation, trade of resources for domestic use. Phase 2 (A.D. 900–1400), forest savanna mosaic, high intensity/extensive cultivation and cattle herding. Phase 3 (A.D. 1400–1800), savanna woodland and progressive decrease in forests owing to droughts. Decline of agricultural activities and higher reliance on marine resources. Possible trade of resources with the interior. Phase 4 (A.D. 1800–1900), open savanna with few forest patches. Warfare and social unrest. Collapse of trade with the interior. Decline in marine resources and wildlife. Loss of cattle herds. Expansion of agriculture locally and introduction of New World crops and clearing of Brachystegia trees. The study shows the importance of combining different environmental resources for elucidating how land use and natural variability have changed over time.
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| 3. |
- Giesecke, Thomas
(författare)
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Holocene forest development in the central Scandes Mountains, Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 14:2, s. 133-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollen analyses of sediment cores from two small lakes within the boreal forest in the central Scandes Mountains help to elucidate the Holocene forest dynamics of the region. Analyses of pore/pollen grain diameter ratios of Alnus grains indicate the early Holocene presence of Alnus glutinosa in the study area. The results are discussed in conjunction with available pollen records to evaluate the importance of thermophilous trees during the early Holocene and to deduce the regional spread of Picea abies. Corylus avellana, Alnus glutinosa and Ulmus glabra were probably common constituents of the early Holocene forest. Tilia cordata may have occurred there as a rare tree. Pollen stratigraphies from the region do not indicate the occurrence of Quercus robur. The regional spread of Picea abies can be separated into two phases: a mid-Holocene establishment or first expansion of small outpost populations and a late-Holocene population expansion. The mid-Holocene shift in vegetation composition may have been caused by changes in the westerly airflow.
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| 4. |
- Gillson, Lindsey, et al.
(författare)
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Untangling anthropogenic and climatic influence on riverineforest in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
- 2009
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 18:2, s. 171-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the interplay between climatic and anthropogenic factors is a major challenge in palaeoecology. In particular, it is often difficult to distinguish anthropogenic and ‘‘natural’’ fire in the charcoal record. In this paper, analysis of fossil pollen, charcoal, diatoms and isotopic evidence from Mapimbi, a small lake in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, suggests that for most of the past ca. 700 years, the riverine gallery forests surrounding Mapimbi were primarily influenced by climate, and benefited during warmer, wetter periods. The transitions between four, statistically different phases in the time-series data coincide with regional climate records previously constructed from speleothem data, and are consistent with the transition from the medieval warm period ending in the 14th century A.D. to the cooler, drier conditions prevailing during the little ice age of ca. A.D. 1400–1800. The data also suggest a period of significant, anthropogenic influence after A.D. 1800, when maize was grown and the incidence of localised fires increased. An increase in woody cover in recent decades may be associated with the management of the area by Kruger National Park. A decline in cultivation occurred in the end of the 20th century linked with changes in socio-political organisation.
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| 5. |
- Kolstrup, Else
(författare)
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Vegetational and environmental history during the Holocene in the Esbjerg area, west Jutland, Denmark
- 2009
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 18:5, s. 351-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pollen diagram from a site in the Esbjerg area, western Denmark, is used for reconstruction of the Holocene vegetational and environmental history there. During the Atlantic there was a parallel development of the landscape to that of other areas in Jylland (Jutland). From the late Neolithic onwards the development took its own course related to the approaching North Sea, which periodically inundated parts of the Esbjerg area. The record reflects landscape development in a formerly marine valley where sediments seem to be missing from parts of the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. Consequently the landscape development during these times is only reflected in glimpses in the vegetation record, which shows gradually more open woodland and increasing human impact. During the late part of the Iron Age, Viking period and Middle Ages, the woodland was diverse in taxa but became increasingly open, finally reaching a stage during which there may have been too little wood even for daily use. At the same time the use of the land intensified. During the Sub-Atlantic, the Esbjerg area offered good natural resources with extensive grazing areas in the marine marshes in addition to good possibilities for farming and use of the woodland on higher ground, but devastating floods occurred.
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| 6. |
- Riddell, Scott J., et al.
(författare)
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The vegetation and land use histories of two farms in Iceland : settlement, monasticism, and tenancy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 31:4, s. 395-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palaeoecological research in Iceland has rarely considered the environmental consequences of landlord-tenant relations and has only recently begun to investigate the impact of medieval monasticism on Icelandic environment and society. Through the medium of two tenant farm sites, this investigation seeks to discern whether or not monastic landlords were influencing resource exploitation and the land management practices of their tenants. In particular, sedimentary and phyto-social contexts were examined and set within a chronological and palaeoecological framework from the late 9th century down to the 16th century. How this relates to medieval European monasticism is also considered while the prevailing influences of climate and volcanism are acknowledged. Palaeoecological data shed light upon the process of occupation at the two farms during the settlement period, with resources and land use trajectories already well-established by the time they were acquired by monastic institutions. This suggests that the tenant farms investigated were largely unaffected ecologically by absorption into a manorial system overseen by monasticism. This could be a consequence of prevailing environmental contexts that inhibited the development of alternative agricultural strategies, or simply that a different emphasis with regard to resource exploitation was paramount.
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| 7. |
- Tonkov, Spassimir, et al.
(författare)
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The lateglacial vegetation and radiocarbon dating of lake Trilistnika, Rila Mountains (Bulgaria)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 16:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollen analysis, supplemented by 5 C-14 dates, was carried out on the lateglacial section (160 cm) of a core retrieved from the glacial Lake Trilistnika (2216 m) in the northwestern Rila Mountains (Bulgaria). The reconstruction of the lateglacial vegetation history is linked for the first time to a chronological framework for the time window 13000-10000 B.P. The delimitation of an interstadial/stadial cycle, analogous with the Bolling/Allerpd-Younger Dryas from Western Europe, is based on important changes in the pollen stratigraphy. Mountain-steppe vegetation composed of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and other cold-resistant herbs, with isolated stands of Pinus and Juniperus-Ephedra shrubland, dominated the landscape after the ice-retreat. Interstadial conditions were established before 12815 +/- 130 B.P. The spread of tree vegetation at lower elevation as a response to the climate improvement was confined to the time interval 12110 +/- 95-11140 +/- 75 B.P. The Younger Dryas stadial is characterised by a re-advance of the mountain-steppe vegetation. The results are compared with other sites of lateglacial age from the high mountains (Rila, northern Pirin, western Rhodopes) in southern Bulgaria.
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| 8. |
- Wehlin, Joakim, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Hunter-gatherer farming during the first millennium bce in inland, boreal landscapes : new pollen analytical and archaeological evidence from Dalarna, central Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Nature. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 32:6, s. 615-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The archaeological evidence of a sedentary hunter-gatherer society during the early metal ages, i.e. the frst and second millennia bce, in the central Scandinavian boreal inlands has previously been overlooked. In order to gain a deeper understandingof these past societies we have combined archaeological data with landscape-scale changes based on pollen records. Thecombined record clearly indicates landscape use characterized by domestication strategies that started during the Late BronzeAge ca. 1000 bce and further intensifed during the Early Iron Age. Indications of cultivation of plants, as well as possibleburning practices to clear shrub and forest, clearly show that arable farming and grazing were practiced in the area earlierthan had previously been assumed. The farming economy seems to have involved mainly small scale arable farming. Fishingand hunting continued to be important, but the investment in the landscape shown by both pitfall systems and agriculturealso express a domestication that would have required settled presence.
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| 9. |
- Poska, A, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene vegetation and land-use history in the environs of Lake Kahala, northern Estonia
- 1999
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Ingår i: VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY. - : SPRINGER VERLAG. - 0939-6314. ; 8:3, s. 185-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollen profiles, based cores taken in Lake Kahala and from the adjoining mire, were used to establish general vegetation history and to reconstruct the extent and types of land-use over most of the Holocene. Modern pollen deposition was studied using moss
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