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Sökning: L773:0957 5243 OR L773:1573 7225 > Kaaks R.

  • Resultat 1-6 av 6
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1.
  • Buchner, F. L., et al. (författare)
  • Fruits and vegetables consumption and the risk of histological subtypes of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 21:3, s. 357-371
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective To examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of different histological subtypes of lung cancer among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Methods Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the data. A calibration study in a subsample was used to reduce dietary measurement errors. Results During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,830 incident cases of lung cancer (574 adenocarcinoma, 286 small cell, 137 large cell, 363 squamous cell, 470 other histologies) were identified. In line with our previous conclusions, we found that after calibration a 100 g/day increase in fruit and vegetables consumption was associated with a reduced lung cancer risk (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99). This was also seen among current smokers (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.90-0.97). Risks of squamous cell carcinomas in current smokers were reduced for an increase of 100 g/day of fruit and vegetables combined (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.94), while no clear effects were seen for the other histological subtypes. Conclusion We observed inverse associations between the consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of lung cancer without a clear effect on specific histological subtypes of lung cancer. In current smokers, consumption of vegetables and fruits may reduce lung cancer risk, in particular the risk of squamous cell carcinomas.
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2.
  • Lumbreras, B., et al. (författare)
  • Meat intake and bladder cancer in a prospective study: a role for heterocyclic aromatic amines?
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 19:6, s. 649-656
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective The suspect carcinogens, heterocyclic amines (HAAs), found in well-done meat require host-mediated metabolic activation before inducing DNA mutations. The role of SULT1A1 and of NAT2 on the activation of HAAs suggests that NAT2 rapid acetylator genotype and SULT1A1 allele variants can have an effect on HAA carcinogenicity. Methods Data were collected as part of a case-control study nested within the EPIC cohort, the Gen Air investigation. EPIC is a prospective study designed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and cancer. Information was collected through a non-dietary questionnaire on lifestyle variables and through a dietary questionnaire. The subjects were restricted to non-smokers. We calculated the matched odds ratio for bladder cancer risk using logistic regression, controlling for potential confounders. Results There were 227 bladder cases and 612 controls matched 1:3. Meat intake and NAT2 genotype were not independently associated with bladder cancer risk. A significant relationship was observed between bladder cancer risk and consumption of meat only among subjects with the rapid NAT2 genotype (odds ratios [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 1.0-7.9 for the 2nd quartile of meat intake; 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-9.7 for the 3rd quartile; and 3.5, 95% CI 1.2-9.7 for the 4th quartile), and was not present among subjects with the slow genotype. An interaction between NAT2 and meat intake was found in logistic regression (P = 0.034). No association was observed for SULT1A *1/2 genotype (1.0; 95% CI 0.7-1.5) and for SULT1A1 *2/2 genotype (0.9; 95% CI 0.5-1.7). Conclusions These results are suggestive of a role of meat intake and NAT2 on bladder cancer risk. They support the hypothesis that among subjects with the rapid NAT2 acetylation genotype higher levels of HAAs exposure are a bladder cancer risk factor. We did not observe an effect of SULT1A1 allele variants on this cancer. The present study adds new information on the possible long-term adverse effects of diets with high meat intake.
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3.
  • Rinaldi, S, et al. (författare)
  • Physical activity, sex steroid, and growth factor concentrations in pre- and post-menopausal women : a cross-sectional study within the EPIC cohort
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 25:1, s. 111-124
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Increased physical activity (PA) is associated with a reduced risk of several cancers. PA may reduce cancer risk by changing endogenous hormones levels, but relatively little research has focused on this topic. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relation between PA and endogenous hormone concentrations. A cross-sectional analysis of 798 pre- and 1,360 post-menopausal women included as controls in case-control studies on endogenous hormones (steroids, progesterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and growth factors) levels, and cancer risk nested within European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was performed. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare geometric mean levels of hormones and SHBG by categories of PA. In pre-menopausal women, active women had 19 % significantly lower concentrations of androstenedione, 14 % lower testosterone, and 20 % lower free testosterone than inactive women, while no differences were observed for estrogens, progesterone, SHBG, and growth factors. In post-menopausal women, active women had 18 % significantly lower estradiol and 20 % lower free estradiol concentrations than inactive women, while no differences were observed for the other hormones and SHBG. More vigorous forms of physical activity were associated with higher insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations. Adjustment for body mass index did not alter the associations. Overall, the percentage of variance in hormone concentrations explained by PA levels was < 2 %. Our results support the hypothesis of an influence, although small in magnitude, of PA on sex hormone levels in blood, independent of body size.
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5.
  • Manjer, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Postmenopausal breast cancer risk in relation to sex steroid hormones, prolactin and SHBG (Sweden)
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 14:7, s. 599-607
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: High levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin have been suggested to enhance breast cancer development. Low levels of SHBG may indicate high levels of (bio-available) steroid hormones. The present study investigates whether high levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin, and/or low levels of SHBG, are associated with high breast cancer risk. Methods: Blood samples were collected in about 65,000 women participating in two population-based prospective cohort studies in Sweden. Follow-up yielded 173 postmenopausal breast cancer cases who had not been exposed to HRT. Levels of estrone, estradiol, SHBG, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione and DHEAs were analysed in cases and 438 controls. Logistic regression analysis yielded odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: The risk of breast cancer was associated with the highest versus lowest quartiles of estrone, OR: 2.58 (1.50 - 4.44), estradiol (dichotomised: high versus low) (1.73: 1.04 - 2.88), and testosterone (1.87: 1.08 - 3.25). High risks, although not statistically significant, were seen for androstenedione (1.58: 0.92 - 2.72) and DHEAs ( 1.62: 0.89 - 2.72). No strong associations were seen between SHBG or prolactin and risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: High levels of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and possibly androstenedione and DHEAs, in postmenopausal women are associated with a high risk of subsequent breast cancer.
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