| 1. |
- Ekström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The immune modulator Linomide prevents neuronal death in injured peripheral nerves of the mouse
- 1998
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 9:7, s. 1337-1341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuronal death after injury or disease could result from imbalanced cytokine expression. Linomide (LS-2616, quinoline-3-carboxamide), a synthetic immunomodulator with effects on cytokine production, suppresses autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. Here adult mice were pre-treated with 200 mg/kg/day of Linomide for 9 days, after which the sciatic nerves were crushed. After another 10 days of Linomide treatment the dorsal root ganglia were dissected out and stained for apoptosis, either immediately or after 2 days in culture, which increases cell death. Superior cervical ganglia were also cultured for 2 days. The Linomide pretreatment profoundly reduced (~60- 80%) the injury-induced apoptotic death of neurons and satellite cells in both systems. The results suggest that modulation of the inflammatory cytokine cascade is a promising road to nerve cell rescue.
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| 2. |
- Englund, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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The use of a recombinant lentiviral vector for ex vivo gene transfer into the rat CNS
- 2000
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 11:18, s. 3973-3977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major obstacle in ex vivo gene transfer has been the loss of transgene expression soon after implantation of the grafted transduced cells. Recently, a lentiviral vector system has been developed which has proven to express high levels of transgenes in vivo after direct injection into the tissue. In this study, we have investigated the use of such a vector for ex vivo gene transfer to the brain. A number of neural cell types were found to be permissive to transduction by the lentiviral vector in vitro and a majority of them expressed the transgene after transplantation to the rat brain. Transgene expression was detected up to 8 weeks post-grafting. These findings suggest that recombinant lentiviral vectors may be used for further development of ex vivo gene therapy protocols to the CNS.
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| 3. |
- Gredal, Hanne Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 is increased in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of community-dwelling domestic dogs with acute ischaemic stroke
- 2017
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 28:3, s. 134-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory cytokines are potential modulators of infarct progression in acute ischaemic stroke, and are therefore possible targets for future treatment strategies. Cytokine studies in animal models of surgically induced stroke may, however, be influenced by the fact that the surgical intervention itself contributes towards the cytokine response. Community-dwelling domestic dogs suffer from spontaneous ischaemic stroke, and therefore, offer the opportunity to study the cytokine response in a noninvasive set-up. The aims of this study were to investigate cytokine concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dogs with acute ischaemic stroke and to search for correlations between infarct volume and cytokine concentrations. Blood and CSF were collected from dogs less than 72 h after a spontaneous ischaemic stroke. Infarct volumes were estimated on MRIs. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor in the plasma, CSF and brain homogenates were measured using a canine-specific multiplex immunoassay. IL-6 was significantly increased in plasma (P=0.04) and CSF (P=0.04) in stroke dogs compared with healthy controls. The concentrations of other cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor and IL-2, were unchanged. Plasma IL-8 levels correlated significantly with infarct volume (Spearman’s r=0.8, P=0.013). The findings showed increased concentrations of IL-6 in the plasma and CSF of dogs with acute ischaemic stroke comparable to humans. We believe that dogs with spontaneous stroke offer a unique, noninvasive means of studying the inflammatory processes that accompany stroke while reducing confounds that are unavoidable in experimental models.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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| 4. |
- Holmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Phobic postural vertigo: body sway during vibratory proprioceptive stimulation
- 2003
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1473-558X .- 0959-4965. ; 14:7, s. 1007-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phobic postural vertigo patients might rely more on proprioceptive than visual cues to regulate stance. We tested 14 phobic postural vertigo patients and 24 healthy subjects with posturography during quiet stance and periods of vibratory proprioceptive calf muscle stimulation, both with eyes open and closed. During quiet stance phobic postural vertigo patients showed higher torque variance than healthy subjects, especially above 0.1 Hz. Vibratory proprioceptive stimulation increased the differences between healthy subjects and phobic postural vertigo patients. The patients were less able to use vision to counteract vibration-induced movements. Phobic postural vertigo patients are more sensitive to proprioceptive disturbances than healthy subjects are, and less apt to use visual information to control upright stance. This might be part of an anxious mode of balance control.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Increased survival of embryonic nigral neurons when grafted to hypothermic rats
- 2000
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 11:8, s. 1665-1668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothermia can reduce neuronal death caused by ischemia and traumatic brain injury. We therefore investigated whether mild hypothermia in rats receiving a transplant of embryonic mesencephalic rat tissue increases survival of the implanted dopaminergic neurons. Mild hypothermia (32-33°C) during graft implantation and for the following 90 min significantly increased the survival of transplanted dopaminergic neurons to 171% of control values in normothermic (37°C) rats. This demonstrates that treatment of the graft recipient for a relatively short period during and after surgery has a favorable effect on the survival of grafted dopaminergic neurons. These findings may be of importance for clinical neural transplantation trials which are in need of procedures that improve transplant survival. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
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| 6. |
- Khaspekov, Leonid, et al.
(författare)
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Sublethal in vitro glucose-oxygen deprivation protects cultured hippocampal neurons against a subsequent severe insult
- 1998
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 9:7, s. 1273-1276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rat and gerbil hippocampus exposed to a sublethal period of ischemia becomes resistant to a subsequent period of lethal ischemia induced several days later, a phenomenon referred to as ischemic preconditioning. Here we describe ischemic preconditioning induced in vitro in cultured hippocampal neurons. Mixed neuroglial hippocampal cell cultures of 14-17 DIV were exposed to a combined glucose and oxygen deprivation (GOD). Cultures subjected to 90 min, but not 60 min, of GOD showed extensive degeneration after a 1 day recovery period. An episode of 60 min of preconditioning GOD followed 1 and 2 days later by 90 min of GOD resulted in 40-60% protection. The data demonstrate that ischemic preconditioning can be mimicked in an in vitro hippocampal cell culture system.
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| 7. |
- Kokaia, Z, et al.
(författare)
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BDNF makes cultured dentate granule cells more resistant to hypoglycaemic damage
- 1994
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 5:10, s. 4-1241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can improve neuronal survival in cell cultures of rat dentate gyrus subjected to a hypoglycaemic insult. Glucose deprivation for 15 h caused severe neuronal loss (about 70%). BDNF added either 24 h before or 4 h after onset of hypoglycaemia completely protected granule cells against this insult-induced damage. Nerve growth factor (NGF) had similar effects. These findings support the hypothesis that the rapid upregulation of BDNF mRNA in dentate granule cells after brief periods of hypoglycaemic coma and other insults is a local protective mechanism.
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| 8. |
- Kokaia, Zaal, et al.
(författare)
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Co-expression of TrkB and TrkC receptors in CNS neurones suggests regulation by multiple neurotrophins
- 1995
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1473-558X .- 0959-4965. ; 6:5, s. 769-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using double-label in situ hybridization, we have explored the possibility that individual CNS neurones can co-express mRNAs for the high-affinity receptors of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, TrkB and TrkC, respectively. The vast majority of TrkC mRNA-containing neurones in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex were also labelled for TrkB mRNA. Cells expressing only TrkB or TrkC mRNA were very scarce in these regions, representing < 15% of all labelled cells. These findings suggest that the same cortical or hippocampal neurone can be regulated by several members of the neurotrophin family, which may be important both during development and in response to physiological activity and pathological conditions.
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| 9. |
- Kwon, Jinhee, et al.
(författare)
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Neural semantic effects of tone accents
- 2024
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 35:13, s. 868-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated whether the brain utilizes morphologically induced tones for semantic processing during online speech perception. An auditory comprehension task was conducted while measuring event-related potentials (ERPs). The study tested whether a discrepancy between contextual expectations and the tonal realizations of the target word would yield an N400 effect, indicative of semantic processing difficulty. An N400 effect was observed, reflecting integration difficulty due to semantic anomalies caused by incongruent tones. Additionally, the ERPs in the congruent conditions were modulated by the cohort entropy of the target word indicating lexical competition. The late negativity observed in this study encompasses both the N400 and preactivation negativity. This overlap underscores the brain’s potential for rapidly connecting form and meaning from different sources within the word, relying on statistically based prediction in semantic processing.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, O G, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial learning impairments in rats with selective immunolesion of the forebrain cholinergic system
- 1992
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 3:11, s. 8-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A monoclonal antibody to the low-affinity NGF receptor, 192 IgG, coupled to a cytotoxin, saporin, was recently introduced as an efficient selective neurotoxin for the NGFr-bearing cholinergic neurones in the rat basal forebrain. In the present study we report that an intracerebroventricular injection of this 192 IgG-saporin conjugate induces a severe, long-lasting spatial learning impairment, as assessed in the Morris water-maze task. This behavioural impairment was associated with 65-90% depletion of choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT) in the hippocampus and cortex. ChAT activity associated with other cholinergic neurone systems in the brain (striatum, mesencephalon, spinal cord), was left virtually unaffected. This new immunotoxin holds great promise as a tool for selective and efficient lesions of the forebrain cholinergic system in functional and behavioural studies.
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