| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hemminki, Kari, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence trends in lung and bladder cancers in the Nordic Countries before and after the smoking epidemic
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 31:3, s. 228-234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cigarette smoking epidemic, which started before the World War II, completely changed the cancer landscape. Reliable incidence data spanning the stepwise spreading epidemic are rare, but the Nordic cancer registries are unique sources in being able to catch the pre-epidemic situation in the female population where smoking became more prevalent after the War. For Swedish men, smoking prevalence has decease early and cancer rates may herald postsmoking rates. We used data from the NORDCAN database, constructed by the cancer registries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, for the analysis of incidence changes in lung and bladder cancers from year 1943 (Denmark), from 1953 (Finland and Norway) and from 1960 (Sweden) until year 2016. The analyses revealed four novel observation relevant to the smoking epidemic. (1) The incidence of lung cancer in Norwegian women in the 1950s, when the smoking prevalence was very low, was 1.8/100 000 (world standard rate), which is at the level of lowest global female rates known to-date; (2) the earliest lung-to-bladder incidence ratio among Norwegian women was 0.64, probably benchmarking the incidence rates prior to the smoking epidemic; (3) bladder cancer incidence for Finnish women diagnosed in the 1950s was 1.2/100 000 which is at the level of the lowest rates currently known and (4) Swedish men with the lowest smoking prevalence in Europe, showed an epochal crossing of lung and bladder cancer incidence rates before year 2015. The data suggest that the approaching of the incidence rates for lung and bladder cancer can be expected in the course of the abating smoking epidemic.
|
|
| 5. |
- Jacobsen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Prognostic importance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor in relation to platelet and leukocyte counts in human renal cell carcinoma
- 2002
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 11:3, s. 245-252
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been shown that both serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and also platelet counts are associated with survival in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is not known, however, whether VEGF in serum relates to the angiogenic activity of the tumour or is derived from circulating blood components. Therefore, the interrelation between serum VEGF, platelet and leukocyte counts compared with health history, clinicopathological findings and outcome was evaluated in patients with RCC. Blood samples were collected before nephrectomy in 161 patients. Serum VEGF165 was assessed by a quantitative ELISA method. Platelet and leukocyte counts were analysed routinely and obtained from medical records. The variables were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. There were significant correlations between VEGF levels, and platelet (P < 0.001) and leukocyte counts (P < 0.001). Serum VEGF levels, platelet counts, as well as leukocyte counts correlated significantly to stage and grade. Platelet counts were significantly lower in men with medication (P = 0.042), and decreased with age particularly in women (P = 0.001). Age or medication did not affect VEGF levels or leukocyte counts. Both VEGF and platelets gave significant prognostic information in univariate analysis. Using Cox multivariate analysis, VEGF was the last variable to be excluded. Only stage and grade remained as independent prognostic factors. Both VEGF levels and platelet counts gave prognostic information but VEGF was more reliable as predictor of survival in patients with RCC.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kaaks, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Interrelationships between plasma testosterone, SHBG, IGF-I, insulin and leptin in prostate cancer cases and controls.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 12:4, s. 309-315
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite strong indirect evidence that androgens stimulate prostate cancer development, data from most analytical studies on this association have been negative. To further investigate this issue, we studied the interrelationships between androgenicity and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin and leptin. Within a prospective cohort study, we measured testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, insulin and leptin, in plasma from 149 cases and 298 controls. Testosterone correlated positively with SHBG, whereas testosterone and SHBG correlated inversely with IGF-I, IGFBP-3, insulin, leptin and body mass index (BMI). Indices of free testosterone showed an inverse linear correlation with leptin (P<0.01), and a strong drop in the 5th quintile of BMI. However, levels of free testosterone showed non-linear relationships over quintiles of insulin and IGF-I, with a significant increase in the second quintile of IGF-I compared with other levels. The absence of an association between plasma levels of androgens and prostate cancer risk in analytical studies, despite the strong indirect evidence of their tumour-stimulating effects, may reflect the complex and mostly inverse associations of androgenicity to IGF-I, insulin and leptin which are hormones that have also been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Van Guelpen, Bethany, et al.
(författare)
-
Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and the risk of prostate cancer : a nested case-control study
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 15:1, s. 46-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that folate and polymorphisms of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which regulates influx of folate from DNA synthesis and repair to methylation reactions, are involved in the aetiology of cancer. To relate the MTHFR 677C→T and 1298A→C polymorphisms to the risk of prostate cancer, taking into consideration prospective plasma levels of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine. The design was a case-control study of 223 prostate cancer cases and 435 matched controls nested within the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. Neither the MTHFR 677C→T nor the MTHFR 1298A→C polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer in univariate analysis by conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for MTHFR 1298A→C, plasma folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, body mass index and smoking, the odds ratios were, for the 677 CT genotype, 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.26], and for TT, 0.91 (95% CI 0.41-2.04). Our previously reported observation of a possible increase in the risk of prostate cancer at high plasma folate levels was attributable in this study to subjects having the MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism. We found that the MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism is not likely to have a major role in the development of prostate cancer, although it may possibly increase the risk in combination with high plasma folate levels. Further investigation in larger studies is warranted.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ward, Heather A., et al.
(författare)
-
Meat and haem iron intake in relation to glioma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 27:4, s. 379-383
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diets high in red or processed meat have been associated positively with some cancers, and several possible underlying mechanisms have been proposed, including iron-related pathways. However, the role of meat intake in adult glioma risk has yielded conflicting findings because of small sample sizes and heterogeneous tumour classifications. The aim of this study was to examine red meat, processed meat and iron intake in relation to glioma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. In this prospective cohort study, 408751 individuals from nine European countries completed demographic and dietary questionnaires at recruitment. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine intake of red meat, processed meat, total dietary iron and haem iron in relation to incident glioma. During an average follow-up of 14.1 years, 688 incident glioma cases were diagnosed. There was no evidence that any of the meat variables (red, processed meat or subtypes of meat) or iron (total or haem) were associated with glioma; results were unchanged when the first 2 years of follow-up were excluded. This study suggests that there is no association between meat or iron intake and adult glioma. This is the largest prospective analysis of meat and iron in relation to glioma and as such provides a substantial contribution to a limited and inconsistent literature.
|
|
