| 1. |
- Ståhl, Magnus, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy Efficient Pilot-Scale Production of Wood Fuel Pellets made from a Raw Material Mix Including Sawdust and Rapeseed Cake
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 35:12, s. 4849-4854
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently, most fuel pellets are made from sawdust or shavings. In Sweden, these materials are used to the maximum extent. As the demand for pellets increases, the supply of sawdust will be insufficient and other raw materials or mixes of raw materials will be used. This work investigates sawdust mixed with rapeseed cake. The latter is a residual product from the production of chemically unmodified oil refined from cold-pressed rape oil. At the Department of Energy, Environmental and Building Technology at Karlstad University, Sweden, a complete pilot-scale pellet production unit is located. The pellets are produced and tested for mechanical durability, length, bulk density and moisture content according to the Swedish Standard for pellets. During production, the load current, the die pressure and the die temperature were measured along with other parameters. The main purpose was to examine how the mixture of rapeseed cake and pine sawdust affected the energy consumption of the pelletising machine and mechanical durability of mixed fuel pellets. The results show that the energy consumption decreased and the amount of fines increased with increasing rapeseed cake in the wood fuel pellets. These results indicate that we must compromise between a decrease in the use of energy and a decrease in durability.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ståhl, Magnus, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish Perspective on Wood Fuel Pellets for Household Heating : A Modified Standard for Pellets Could Reduce End-User Problems
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 33:5, s. 803-809
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of wood fuel pellets has increased significantly over the past few years, and since 2006 the households use the major part of the pellets available in Sweden. During the same period, the oil heating has decreased. Many former oil users that were used to almost maintenance-free heating systems now use pellets. Despite significant improvements of pellet quality and storage and burner equipment, there are still some problems that the household pellets user encounters. In this work, common end-user problems are identified. The cause of each problem, as well as whether a modified Swedish standard for pellets could reduce some of the problems encountered, is analysed. The results show that the most serious problems originate from the crumbling of pellets. We conclude that many of the problems could be avoided by modifying the Swedish standard, e.g., the quality parameters could be set using intervals instead of threshold values.
|
|
