| 1. |
- Lindholm, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Do Code of Conduct audits improve chemical safety in garment factories: Lessons on Corporate Social Responsibility in the supply chain from Fair Wear Foundation
- 2016
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Ingår i: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1077-3525 .- 2049-3967. ; 22:4, s. 283-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In managing chemical risks to the environment and human health in supply chains, voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures, such as auditing code of conduct compliance, play an important role. Objectives: To examine how well suppliers’ chemical health and safety performance complies with buyers’ CSR policies and whether audited factories improve their performance. Methods: CSR audits (n = 288) of garment factories conducted by Fair Wear Foundation (FWF), an independent non-profit organization, were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical modeling. Results: Forty-three per cent of factories did not comply with the FWF code of conduct, i.e. received remarks on chemical safety. Only among factories audited 10 or more times was there a significant increase in the number of factories receiving no remarks. Conclusions: Compliance with chemical safety requirements in garment supply chains is low and auditing is statistically correlated with improvements only at factories that have undergone numerous audits.
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| 2. |
- Rudén, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Toxicology : "Sound Science" in New Disguise
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1077-3525 .- 2049-3967. ; 14:4, s. 299-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "evidence-based toxicology" proposed by Guzelian et al. departs radically from state-of-the-art toxicology by claiming that risks for humans can only be determined on the basis of human evidence. Just like the previous proposal of "sound science," "evidence-based toxicology" poses a heavy burden of proof on any effort to control exposures in order to reduce health risks to those exposed. The alleged connection between "evidence-based toxicology" and evidence-based medicine is misconceived, since the strict criteria for use of scientific data in evidence-based medicine concerns proof of therapeutic effects, while in "evidence-based toxicology" these criteria are applied to proof of harmful effects. The slogans "sound science" and "evidence-based toxicology" have both been put forward by persons with a history of extensive involvement with the tobacco industry.
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| 3. |
- Schenk, Linda
(författare)
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Comparison of Data Used for Setting Occupational Exposure Limits
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - : Maney Publishing. - 1077-3525 .- 2049-3967. ; 16:3, s. 249-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has previously been shown that occupational exposure limits (OELs) for the same substance can vary significantly between different standard-setters. The work presented in this paper identifies the steps in the process towards establishing an OEL and how variations in those processes could account for these differences. This study selects for further scrutiny substances for which the level of OELs vary by a factor of 100, focussing on 45 documents concerning 14 substances from eight standard-setters. Several of the OELs studied were more than 20 years old and based on outdated knowledge. Furthermore, different standard-setters sometimes based their OELs on different sets of data, and data availability alone could not explain all differences in the selection of data sets used by standard-setters. While the interpretation of key studies did not differ significantly in standard-setters' documentations, the evaluations of the key studies' quality did. Also, differences concerning the critical effect coincided with differences in the level of OELs for half of the substances.
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| 4. |
- Wesseling, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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SALTRA : A Regional Program for Workers' Health and Sustainable Development in Central America
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - : Maney Publishing. - 1077-3525 .- 2049-3967. ; 17:3, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2003, the university-based Program on Work and Health in Central America, SALTRA, was launched to build national and regional capacities in occupational safety and health with the goal of preventing and reducing poverty in Central America. SALTRA has implemented 20 projects including action projects in priority sectors (e.g., construction, sugarcane, hospitals, migrant coffee workers); strengthening of surveillance (occupational health profiles, carcinogenic exposures, fatal injuries and pesticides); a participatory model for training and risk monitoring by workers; building occupational health capacity for professionals, employers, and workers, with collaborating networks between the countries; strengthening of universities in work, environment, and health; studies of serious occupational and environmental situations; communication channels; and continued efforts to raise political awareness. SALTRA has placed issues of workers' health on political, business, and academic agendas throughout the region and has laid the foundations for achieving substantial future improvements in health conditions of all workers in the region. External evaluators envisioned SALTRA as an innovative development model.
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