| 1. |
- Ariza-Miguel, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular investigation of tularemia outbreaks, Spain, 1997-2008
- 2014
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 20:5, s. 754-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tularemia outbreaks occurred in northwestern Spain in 1997-1998 and 2007-2008 and affected >1,000 persons. We assessed isolates involved in these outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with 2 restriction enzymes and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 genomic loci of Francisella tularensis, the cause of this disease. Isolates were divided into 3 pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 8 allelic profiles by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis. Isolates obtained from the second tularemia outbreak had the same genotypes as isolates obtained from the first outbreak. Both outbreaks were caused by genotypes of genetic subclade B.Br:FTNF002-00, which is widely distributed in countries in central and western Europe. Thus, reemergence of tularemia in Spain was not caused by the reintroduction of exotic strains, but probably by persistence of local reservoirs of infection.
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| 2. |
- Birdsell, Dawn N, et al.
(författare)
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Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis group A.I, United States
- 2014
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 20:5, s. 861-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used whole-genome analysis and subsequent characterization of geographically diverse strains using new genetic signatures to identify distinct subgroups within Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis group A.I: A.I.3, A.I.8, and A.I.12. These subgroups exhibit complex phylogeographic patterns within North America. The widest distribution was observed for A.I.12, which suggests an adaptive advantage.
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| 3. |
- Desvars, Amélie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology and Ecology of Tularemia in Sweden, 1984-2012
- 2015
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 21:1, s. 32-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The zoonotic disease tularemia is endemic in large areas of the Northern Hemisphere, but research is lacking on patterns of spatial distribution and connections with ecologic factors. To describe the spatial epidemiology of and identify ecologic risk factors for tularemia incidence in Sweden, we analyzed surveillance data collected over 29 years (1984-2012). A total of 4,830 cases were notified, of which 3,524 met all study inclusion criteria. From the first to the second half of the study period, mean incidence increased 10-fold, from 0.26/100,000 persons during 1984-1998 to 2.47/100,000 persons during 1999 2012 (p<0.001). The incidence of tularemia was higher than expected in the boreal and alpine ecologic regions (p<0.001), and incidence was positively correlated with the presence of lakes and rivers (p<0.001). These results provide a comprehensive epidemiologic description of tularemia in Sweden and illustrate that incidence is higher in locations near lakes and rivers.
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| 4. |
- Gyuranecz, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis subsp holarctica, Europe
- 2012
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - Atlanta : Centers Disease Control. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 18:2, s. 290-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Romania were placed into an existing phylogeographic framework. Isolates from Italy were assigned to phylogenetic group B.FTNF002-00; the other isolates, to group B.13. Most F tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from Europe belong to these 2 geographically segregated groups.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Canonical insertion-deletion markers for rapid DNA typing of Francisella tularensis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 13:11, s. 1725-1732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop effective and accurate typing of strains of Francisella tularensis, a potent human pathogen and a putative bioterrorist agent, we combined analysis of insertion-deletion (indel) markers with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). From 5 representative F. tularensis genome sequences, 38 indel markers with canonical properties, i.e., capable of sorting strains into major genetic groups, were selected. To avoid markers with a propensity for homoplasy, we used only those indels with 2 allelic variants and devoid of substantial sequence repeats. MLVA included sequences with much diversity in copy number of tandem repeats. The combined procedure allowed subspecies division, delineation of clades A.I and A.II of subspecies tularensis, differentiation of Japanese strains from other strains of subspecies holarctica, and high-resolution strain typing. The procedure uses limited amounts of killed bacterial preparations and, because only 1 single analytic method is needed, is time- and cost-effective.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Pilo, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Francisella tularensis cluster in Central and Western Europe
- 2009
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - Atlanta : Centers of disease control. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 15:12, s. 2049-2051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a molecular analysis of Francisella Marensis strains isolated in Switzerland and identified a specific subpopulation belonging to a cluster of F tularensis subsp. holarctica that is widely dispersed in central and western continental Europe. This subpopulation was present before the tularemia epidemics on the Iberian Peninsula.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape epidemiology of tularemia outbreaks in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 15:12, s. 1937-1947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summer outbreaks of tularemia that occurred from 1995 through 2005 in 2 locations in Sweden affected 441 persons. We performed an epidemiologic investigation of these outbreaks using a novel strategy, involving high-resolution genotyping of Francisella tularensis isolates obtained from 136 patients (using 18 genetic markers developed from 6 F. tularensis genome sequences) and interviews with the patients. Strong spatial associations were found between F. tularensis subpopulations and the places of disease transmission; infection by some subpopulations occurred within areas as small as 2 km(2), indicating unidentified environmental point sources of tularemia. In both locations, disease clusters were associated with recreational areas beside water, and genetic subpopulations were present throughout the tularemia season and persisted over years. High-resolution genotyping in combination with patients' statements about geographic places of disease transmission provided valuable indications of likely sources of infection and the causal genotypes during these tularemia outbreaks.
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