| 1. |
- Wilczek, Michael L., et al.
(författare)
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Mammography and Osteoporosis Screening-Clinical Risk Factors and Their Association With Digital X-Ray Radiogrammetry Bone Mineral Density
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical densitometry. - : Elsevier. - 1094-6950 .- 1559-0747. ; 18:1, s. 22-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to study the association between digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) T-score and clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. Women were recruited 2 d per wk at a single mammography screening center between year 2010 and 2012. Included women answered a questionnaire about risk factors for osteoporosis, and a radiograph of the nondominant hand was obtained for DXR analysis. Univariate associations between DXR T-score and risk factors were examined. A generalized linear regression model was fitted to independent variables with univariate associations at p less than 0.05. The multivariable model was reduced through manual backward elimination, with p greater than 0.1 as the exclusion criterion. Seventy-six percent of the women chose to participate in the study (n = 8810). The difference in number of daily mammograms performed on study vs nonstudy days was not significant. All univariate associations between DXR T-score and potential risk factors were highly significant. The multivariable model included height, weight, age, right-handedness, menopause before age 45, alcohol consumption, cortisone treatment, rheumatic disease, and age x smoking status. The coefficient of determination of the model was 0.37. The association between risk factors for osteoporosis and DXR T-score is similar to previously reported associations with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
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| 2. |
- Weber, David R., et al.
(författare)
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The Utility of DXA Assessment at the Forearm, Proximal Femur, and Lateral Distal Femur, and Vertebral Fracture Assessment in the Pediatric Population: The 2019 Official Pediatric Positions of the ISCD
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Densitometry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1094-6950 .- 1559-0747. ; 22:4, s. 567-589
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used in the evaluation of bone fragility in children. Previous recommendations emphasized total body less head and lumbar spine DXA scans for clinical bone health assessment. However, these scan sites may not be possible or optimal for all groups of children with conditions that threaten bone health. The utility of DXA scans of the proximal femur, forearm, and radius were evaluated for adequacy of reference data, precision, ability of predict fracture, and applicability to all, or select groups of children. In addition, the strengths and limitations of vertebral fracture assessment by DXA were evaluated. The new Pediatric Positions provide guidelines on the use of these additional measures in the assessment of skeletal health in children.
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| 3. |
- Xu, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Aged >= 50 : Role of Sex and Clinical Characteristics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical densitometry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1094-6950 .- 1559-0747. ; 23:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction/Background: Although some studies have explored the association of adiposity and life habits (such as smoking) with osteoporosis and osteopenia among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, the association between diabetic clinical characteristics (especially hypoglycemic drug use) and osteoporosis/ osteopenia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of clinical characteristics with osteoporosis and osteopenia among T2DM patients by sex. Methods: A total of 1222 T2DM patients aged >= 50 were included in the present study. Information on demographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics was collected from medical records. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometer. Multiple adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of osteoporosis and osteopenia related to clinical characteristics. Results: Of all participants, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 9.2% and 41.3%, respectively, and they were higher in females (14.7% and 48.5%) than in males (2.8% and 33%). After adjustment for potential confounders, the results showed that overweight (OR = 0.59; 95 % CI, 0.42-0.81) and obesity (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24-0.50) were related to decreased odds of osteoporosis and osteopenia in both male and female T2DM patients, poor glycemic control (OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.08-2.47) was associated with increased odds of osteoporosis and osteopenia in males, and metformin treatment (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43-0.99) was associated with decreased odds of osteoporosis and osteopenia in females. Conclusions: Better glycemic management and rational choice of antidiabetic medication might be promising to prevent osteoporosis in T2DM patients. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the association between antidiabetic treatment and osteoporosis.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Bo, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Reference data for bone mineral density in Swedish women using digital X-ray radiometry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical densitometry. - New York, USA : Elsevier. - 1094-6950 .- 1559-0747. ; 16:2, s. 183-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, digital X-ray radiometry (DXR) has been used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the metacarpal bones. The aim of this study was to establish Swedish reference material for bone mass in women, measured in the metacarpal bones with DXR, and compare these data with the data from the manufacturer. A sample of 1440 women aged 20-79yr living in Örebro County was randomly assigned from the population register. Microdose mammography was used (Sectra MDM L30; Sectra Imtec AB, Linköping, Sweden) to measure BMD. Cole's LMS method was used to calculate DXR. Six hundred sixty-nine (48.3%) women participated. Peak bone mass occurred at the age of 43.4yr with a BMD of 0.597g/cm(2) (standard deviation: 0.050). Our Swedish data correlated well with the manufacturer's material. Only among women aged 50-59yr did BMD differ, where the Swedish sample had lower values. The LMS method can be used to describe the DXR data and provide a more detailed picture of bone density distribution. DXR-BMD in Swedish women aged 20-79yr is equivalent to findings from other studies, showing the same distribution of BMD in most age groups except for ages 50-59yr.
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| 5. |
- Horner, Keith, et al.
(författare)
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The mandibular cortex on radiographs as a tool for osteoporosis risk assessment : the OSTEODENT Project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical densitometry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1094-6950 .- 1559-0747. ; 10:2, s. 138-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to measure the accuracy of porosity of the mandibular cortex on dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) in diagnosis of osteoporosis, alone and in combination with a clinical risk index. Six hundred seventy-one women (45-70yr) were recruited in the study, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the hip and lumbar spine was performed. A clinical index of osteoporosis risk (OSIRIS) and a DPR were obtained for each subject. The cortical appearance on the DPR was classified using the mandibular cortical index (MCI) by 5 observers. receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed with calculation of area under the ROC curve (AUC) and sensitivity and specificity at various thresholds. Complete data were available for 653 subjects, of whom 21.6% had osteoporosis. The AUC for OSIRIS was 0.838. When used alone as the diagnostic test, MCI AUC for the 5 observers ranged from 0.560 to 0.670, significantly less than OSIRIS. Intraobserver and interobserver repeatability of MCI assessment was inconsistent. We conclude that MCI has limited value for osteoporosis diagnosis, being most appropriate as a method of fortuitous case-finding. PMID: 17449308 [PubMed - in process]
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| 6. |
- Kälvesten, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Potential sources of quantification error when retrospectively assessing metacarpal bone loss from historical radiographs by using digital X-ray radiogrammetry : an experimental study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical densitometry. - : Elsevier. - 1094-6950 .- 1559-0747. ; 17:1, s. 104-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past 15 yr, digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) has been used to measure metacarpal bone mineral density (BMD). BMD is often measured in existing cohorts where X-ray images were not acquired in accordance with the DXR imaging protocol (DIP). The purpose of the present study was to analyze how deviations from DIP in historical radiographs may affect the reproducibility of DXR-BMD measurements. Cadaver hand phantoms were used to conduct repeat measurements of deviations from DIP with respect to voltage, exposure, lateral displacement, supination, combination of lateral displacement and supination or rotation, extension of the wrist, and edge enhancement. Direct digital radiography (Aristos; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was used for image acquisition and dxr-online (Sectra, Linkoping, Sweden) for DXR-BMD measurements. The influence of the tested deviations from DIP ranged from 0 to 32.5 mg/cm(2) (0-6.8%). On repetition with the same specimen, none of the deviations resulted in a within-specimen reproducibility error greater than 2 mg/cm(2) (0.4%, equivalent to a T-score of 0.042). Among the tested deviations, all except tube voltage had a magnitude greater than the normal measurement noise for the technique and must therefore be considered when planning a study based on historical images.
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| 7. |
- Rose, Grace L, et al.
(författare)
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Technical and biological reliability of pQCT measured bone and muscle tissue quality across the age-span.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical densitometry. - : Elsevier. - 1094-6950 .- 1559-0747. ; 27:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Reliable peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) assessment is essential to the accurate longitudinal reporting of bone and muscle quality. However, the between-day reliability of pQCT and the influence of age on outcome reliability is currently unknown.OBJECTIVE: To quantify the same- and between-day reliability of morphological pQCT at proximal and distal segments of the forearm, shank, and thigh, and explore the influence of participant body size, age, and sex on outcome reliability.METHODS: Men and women (49 % female, 18-85 years, n=72-86) completed two consecutive-day pQCT testing sessions, where repeat measurements were conducted on day-one for technical error, and between-day for biological error quantification. Testing was undertaken following best practice body composition testing guidance, including standardized presentation and consistent time-of-day.RESULTS: All measurements of bone were classified as having 'good' to 'excellent' reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (r=0.786- 0.999], as were measurements of muscle area (ICC r=0.991-0.999) and total fat (r=0.996-0.999). However, between- and same-day muscle density measurements at the thigh and forearm were classified as 'poor' (r=0.476) and 'moderate' (r=0.622), respectively. Likewise, intramuscular fat area at the thigh was classified as 'moderate' (r=0.737) for between-day measurement. Biological error was inflated compared to technical error by an average of 0.4 % for most measurements. Error values tended to increase proportionally with the amount of tissue quantified and males had significantly greater biological error for measurement of distal tibial bone (p<0.002) and trabecular area (p<0.002). Biological error was inflated among older adults for measurement of forearm muscle density (p<0.002).CONCLUSIONS: Most pQCT outcomes can be implemented with confidence, especially outcomes that assess bone area and density at any of the radial, tibial, and femoral sites investigated herein. However, it is important to account for the influence of biological measurement error in further studies, especially for muscle and intramuscular fat outcomes derived by pQCT.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lindgren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Bone Traits Seem to Develop Also During the Third Decade in Life-Normative Cross-Sectional Data on 1083 Men Aged 18-28 Years
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical densitometry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1094-6950. ; 20:1, s. 32-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By identifying individuals with low peak bone mass (PBM) at young age, early targeted interventions to reduce future fracture risk could be possible. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is in many ways superior to the gold standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as cortical and trabecular compartments as well as the volumetric density and bone structure can be examined separately. Because each of these traits contributes independently to bone strength, it is probable that pQCT provides an even better fracture risk estimation than DXA. Currently, the clinical applications of pQCT are limited partly because comprehensive normative pQCT data, especially in young men, are not readily available. We therefore set up a study in young men with the following objectives: (1) to identify peak ages in pQCT bone traits with special reference to PBM and peak bone strength; and (2) to provide normative pQCT data. We measured volumetric bone mineral density and structural parameters at ultradistal (trabecular bone) and diaphyseal radius and tibia (cortical bone) by pQCT scans (Stratec XCT2000(R); Stratec Medizintechnik GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany) in a population-based age-stratified sample of 1083 men aged 18-28 yr residing in greater Malmo, Sweden. Group differences in 1-yr classes were evaluated by analysis of variance. We found similar bone traits in age groups at ultradistal sites whereas most bone traits at diaphyseal sites were higher with higher ages, however with different increment patterns depending on the specific trait. In Swedish young adult men, we found that different bone traits continued to change after age 18, but at different rates, indicating that peak areal bone mineral density (as measured by DXA) and peak bone strength may be reached at different ages.
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| 10. |
- Kanis, JA, et al.
(författare)
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The perspective of the International Osteoporosis Foundation on the official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Densitometry. - 1094-6950. ; 8:2, s. 145-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) has published position statements on topics relating to the use and interpretation of measurements of bone mineral density (BMD). The most recent appeared in the Journal of Clinical Densitometry (1) and was republished in the Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism and in Osteoporosis International (2,3). The topics included the indications for testing with BMD, the use of central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the use of the Z-score and some recommendations for the spelling of the T-score and Z-score. Although these topics were chosen in an attempt to produce international consistency and consensus, most of the position statements lack a scientific basis.
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