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- van Ooijen, Erik, 1980-
(författare)
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Att äta digitala djur : Spel, våld och ideologi
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap. - Lund : Lunds universitet. - 1104-0556 .- 2001-094X. ; :4, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article aims at studying game violence from an “awry” perspective, i.e. in terms of how games deal with the violence against animals inherent in processes of producing and consuming meat. Rockstar’s notorious Manhunt (2003) is taken as an initial example of how violence in games is usually dealt with. I argue that the focus on gruesome imagery serves an ideological function by hiding the real material violence of the game industry. As an alternative, I suggest that we focus on how games make visible systemic, yet less palpable, forms of ideological violence. My main focus is on how three contemporary open-world games represent the relation between eating meat and the industrial killing of animals. Three basic conceptual perspectives are combined: Slavoj Žižek’s distinction between subjective and objective violence; Melanie Joy’s conceptualization of cultural carnism as a cognitive scheme; and Ian Bogost’s procedural-rhetorical approach to videogames as models of material processes. These are employed in order to analyze three games taking a varied approach to the representation of meat as food: Rockstar’s Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004), which includes a discursive critique of factory farming without also implementing it as a gameplay mechanic; Lionhead’s Fable II (2008), which implements ethical and political incentives for vegetarianism in the core mechanics of the game, yet allows for varied approaches in role-playing; and Maxis’ The Sims 3 (2009), which seems to include such incentives yet undermines them by dislodging food from its material origin in its model of the game world.
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- van Ooijen, Erik, 1980-
(författare)
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Beröring och begränsning : Om gränssnittet mellan djur och människa
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap. - : Foreningen for utgivande av Tidskrift for litteraturvetenskap. - 1104-0556 .- 2001-094X .- 0282-7913. ; 51:1-2, s. 172-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate crisis and mass extinction show the need to reshape our understanding of human culture in relation to non-human lifeforms. The article considers touch as a point where the border between humans and other species may be renegotiated. Three supplementary modes of human thought, which combine explanation, speculation, and imagination, are interrogated in terms of how they each deal with the tactility of cross-species interaction: philosophy, mythical representations in literature and art, and documentary film. Interface is used as a common concept for how bodies remain distinct from each other while also being able to connect with each other. First, I present how the interface is conceptualized in general by philosophers like Derrida, Nancy and Harman, and between humans and animals in particulars by thinkers like Wood and Michaux. Then, I relate the discussion to how two mythical motifs, focusing on instances of erotic touch across species lines, have been represented in literature and visual art: Leda and the swan, and Pasiphaë and the bull. Finally, I move on to two documentary films: Robinson Devor’s Zoo (2007) and Nikolaus Geyrhalter’s Unser täglich Brot (2005). The idea of zoosexual intercourse is contrasted to the distanced violence of the industrial keeping of animals. I suggest how touch show the possibility of a cross-species communion otherwise negated by late-modern industrial capitalism.
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- van Ooijen, Erik, Docent, 1980-
(författare)
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Den svarta solens modaliteter : Burzum, Bataille och JVVF-forskningen
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap. - Lund : Föreningen för utgivande av Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap. - 1104-0556 .- 2001-094X .- 0282-7913. ; 50:2-3, s. 57-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Literary studies often encounter writers whose output includes both literature and propaganda. The response may be to avoid ideologically tainted writers, or to separate the work from its creator. I rather seek to explore how various forms of expression relate to each other in the work of an artist who is active both as a fascist propagandist, ideologue and musician: Varg Vikernes, the individual behind Burzum.I take Bataille’s solar economy as my theoretical framework and situate myself within a field of studies that is attracted to fascist culture without adhering to a fascist ideology. First, I sketch out the relationship between fascism, literature and the marketplace of ideas. Then, I explore the relationship between the politics of Vikernes and the music of Burzum with a particular focus on Reflections on European Mythology and Polytheism (2015) and Belus (2010). I conclude that while both express the creator’s worldview, they also demonstrate how this worldview may be channeled into very different outputs.
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