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- Mills, Gina, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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New stomatal flux-based critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2844 .- 1352-2310. ; 45:28, s. 5064-5068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation have been reviewed and revised by the LRTAP Convention. Eight new or revised critical levels based on the accumulated stomatal flux of ozone (POD gamma, the Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold flux of Y nmol m(-2) PLA s(-1), where PLA is the projected leaf area) have been agreed. For each receptor, data were combined from experiments conducted under naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in 2-4 countries, resulting in linear dose response relationships with response variables specific to each receptor (r(2) = 0.49-0.87, p
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| 2. |
- Pleijel, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Ozone risk assessment for agricultural crops in Europe: Further development of stomatal flux and flux-response relationships for European wheat and potato
- 2007
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 41:14, s. 3022-3040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Applications of a parameterised Jarvis-type multiplicative stomatal conductance model with data collated from open-top chamber experiments on field grown wheat and potato were used to derive relationships between relative yield and stomatal ozone uptake. The relationships were based on thirteen experiments from four European countries for wheat and seven experiments from four European countries for potato. The parameterisation of the conductance model was based both on an extensive literature review and primary data. Application of the stomatal conductance models to the open-top chamber experiments resulted in improved linear regressions between relative yield and ozone uptake compared to earlier stomatal conductance models, both for wheat (r(2) = 0.83) and potato (r(2) = 0.76). The improvement was largest for potato. The relationships with the highest correlation were obtained using a stomatal ozone flux threshold. For both wheat and potato the best performing exposure index was AF(st)6 (accumulated stomatal flux of ozone above a flux rate threshold of 6 nmol ozone m(-2) projected sunlit leaf area, based on hourly values of ozone flux). The results demonstrate that flux-based models are now sufficiently well calibrated to be used with confidence to predict the effects of ozone on yield loss of major arable crops across Europe. Further studies, using innovations in stomatal conductance modelling and plant exposure experimentation, are needed if these models are to be further improved. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Pleijel, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between ozone exposure and yield loss in European wheat and potato - a comparison of concentration- and flux-based exposure indices
- 2004
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 38:15, s. 2259-2269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from open-top chamber experiments with field grown crops, performed in Sweden, Finland, Belgium, Italy and Germany, were combined to derive relationships between yield and ozone exposure for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Three different exposure indices were compared: AOT40 (accumulated exposure over a threshold ozone concentration of 40 nmol mol(-1)), CUOt (cumulative stomatal uptake of ozone, using a constant ozone uptake rate threshold of t nmol m(-2) s(-1)) and mAOTc(0) (conductance modified AOT using a threshold concentration for ozone of c(0) nmol mol(-1)). The latter is essentially a combination of AOT and CUO. Ozone uptake was estimated using a Jarvis-type multiplicative model for stomatal conductance. In terms of correlation between relative yield (RY) and ozone exposure, CUO5, the CUO index with an ozone uptake rate threshold of 5 nmol m(-2) s(-1), performed best for both wheat and potato, resulting in r(2) values of 0.77 and 0.64, respectively. CUO5 performed considerably better in terms of the correlation between RY and ozone exposure, than AOT40 for wheat, while mAOT10, the best performing mAOT index in this case, was intermediate in performance for this crop. For potato, the differences between the different ozone exposure indices AOT40, CUO5 and mAOT20 (the mAOT index performing best for potato) in the correlation between RY and ozone exposure were relatively small. To test the assumption that the non-stomatal deposition of ozone was negligible for the uppermost, sunlit leaves, measurements of ozone uptake in relation to leaf conductance for water vapor of wheat leaves in a cuvette system were used. The non-stomatal deposition of ozone to the leaves turned out to be comparatively small. Based on the non-stomatal conductance (g(ns) = 15 mmol m(-2) s(-1)) estimated for the wheat leaves in the cuvette system, it was concluded that the consequence of omitting the non-stomatal conductance is small. In conclusion the study indicated that the ozone uptake based approach showed a high degree of fitting along a north-south European transect of pedoclimatic conditions, and represents a better and more relevant approach to the quantification of ozone effects on crops growth than the use of ozone exposure indices purely based on ozone concentrations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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