| 1. |
- Swietlicki, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Urban air pollution source apportionment using a combination of aerosol and gas monitoring techniques
- 1996
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 30:15, s. 2795-2809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dominating local and regional sources of gaseous and particulate air pollution in the city of Lund (69,000 inhabitants) in southern Sweden were characterized using a combination of aerosol and gas-phase monitoring techniques. Twelve-hour samples were taken at two stations of both fine and coarse fraction urban aerosols with a stacked filter unit during the four-week measurement campaign in March/April 1993. The aerosol samples were analysed with PIXE for 14 major and trace elements. In addition, gaseous species (SO2, NO2, O-3) were measured simultaneously with the DOAS technique over two stretches, crossing each other only 300 m from the downtown aerosol sampling site. The combined results obtained by the analytical techniques PIXE and DOAS for aerosol and gas measurements, respectively, were used in an absolute receptor model in order to identify the major sources affecting the measurement sites and to apportion the measured air pollutants to the identified sources. The gases (SO2, NO2, O-3) could also be attributed to specific sources by combining the trace elemental concentration data for the fine fraction aerosol with that of the gaseous species in the receptor model. According to the absolute principal component analysis (APCA) model, the dominant sources for the measured species were resuspended road dust, automobile and diesel emissions, combustion of oil and coal, ferrous and non-ferrous smelters and sea spray. Of these, the sources related to traffic are mainly local in character while the others constitute a regional background. For a small city in southern Scandinavia like Lund with only light industry, the long-range transported air pollutants make up a significant part of the fine fraction aerosol. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
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| 2. |
- Bennett, M, et al.
(författare)
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Joint application of Doppler Lidar and differential absorption lidar to estimate the atomic mercury flux from a chlor-alkali plant
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 40:4, s. 664-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have combined differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements of mercury concentrations downwind of a chloralkali plant (Rosignano Solvay) with measurements of wind profiles made with a Doppler Lidar based on modern fibreoptic technology. Since the flux of pollutant is equal to the cross-wind integral of the product of concentration and wind speed, this should permit us to make a more precise estimate of the fugitive emission of mercury from the plant than could be obtained by using anemometer measurements of the wind. The flux was estimated to be 54g Hgh(-1) using an anemometer on the plant building; 49g Hgh(-1) using an anemometer on a nearby 10m mast; and 48g Hgh(-1) using wind speed corrections estimated from the Doppler Lidar measurements. Because of difficulties with the range resolution of the Doppler Lidar, the precision of this estimate was not as good as it should have been, though the difference from the rooftop anemometer remains statistically significant. Corrections of this magnitude are irrelevant to the Rosignano plant, where the emission rate varies strongly with the meteorological conditions. Where a precise estimate of a steady flux is required, however, reliable measurements of the wind profile in the wake of the source are essential. Doppler Lidar provides a possible method for acquiring such measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Grönlund, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Elemental mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants measured by lidar techniques
- 2005
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:39, s. 7474-7480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) techniques have been utilized to measure elemental gaseous mercury fluxes from mercury cell chlor-alkali (MCCA) plants as a part of the European Union funded European mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants (EMECAP) project. Three plants have been selected as study objects and a total of six measurement campaigns have been performed, one intercalibration campaign and five flux evaluation campaigns, in both winter and summer. The measurements were carried out using the Swedish optical parametric oscillator-(OPO) based mobile lidar system developed at Lund Institute of Technology. The study shows large differences in the mercury emissions measured in winter or summer and at the different plants. The average values for the campaigns ranged from 6 g h(-1) in the winter campaign at the Swedish plant to 54 g h(-1) in the summer campaign at the Italian plant.
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| 4. |
- Grönlund, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Mercury emissions from the Idrija mercury mine measured by differential absorption lidar techniques and a point monitoring absorption spectrometer
- 2005
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:22, s. 4067-4074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury emission measurements from the ldrija mercury mine in Slovenia were performed during an early November 2003 campaign, where the differential lidar technique was used to map mercury concentrations and an attempt was made to quantify the total mercury flux from the most contaminated area, the abandoned cinnabar roasting oven complex. Lidar concentration data were compared with data recorded with a Zeeman modulated atomic absorption instrument, operated from a vehicle equipped with a GPS localization system. Concentrations and fluxes were comparatively low due to low temperature and rainfall. The average flux from the distillation plant was measured to approximately 2 g h(-1).
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