Novel (p)ppGpp(0) suppressor mutations reveal an unexpected link between methionine catabolism and GTP synthesis in Bacillus subtilis

• In bacteria, guanosine (penta)tetra-phosphate ([p]ppGpp) is essential for controlling intracellular metabolism that is needed to adapt to environmental changes, such as amino acid starvation. The (p)ppGpp(0) strain of Bacillus subtilis, which lacks (p)ppGpp synthetase, is unable to form colonies on minimal medium. Here, we found suppressor mutations in the (p)ppGpp(0) strain, in the purine nucleotide biosynthesis genes, prs, purF and rpoB/C, which encode RNA polymerase core enzymes. In comparing our work with prior studies of ppGpp(0) suppressors, we discovered that methionine addition masks the suppression on minimal medium, especially of rpoB/C mutations. Furthermore, methionine addition increases intracellular GTP in rpoB suppressor and this effect is decreased by inhibiting GTP biosynthesis, indicating that methionine addition activated GTP biosynthesis and inhibited growth under amino acid starvation conditions in (p)ppGpp(0) backgrounds. Furthermore, we propose that the increase in intracellular GTP levels induced by methionine is due to methionine derivatives that increase the activity of the de novo GTP biosynthesis enzyme, GuaB. Our study sheds light on the potential relationship between GTP homeostasis and methionine metabolism, which may be the key to adapting to environmental changes.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi -- Mikrobiologi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences -- Microbiology (hsv//eng)

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Microbiology in the medical area (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Bacillus subtilis

GTP homeostasis

(p)ppGpp

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)