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- Appelquist, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Folkhälsan i östra Skåne 1860–1899 – en studie utifrån provinsialläkarrapporter
- 2005
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Ingår i: Svensk medicinhistorisk tidskrift. - 1402-9871. ; 9:1, s. 95-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decades of the 19th century Sweden changed from being a developing to a developed country. It was a period when many people emigrated to America and Denmark, due to miserable times. The aim was to investigate the status and development of the public health in the eastern part of the province Skane, Sweden, during the years 1860 to 1899. The investigation included a study of differences in health between city and countryside, men and women, and health problems now and then. The official reports of provincial doctors (general practitioners) from Brosarp (1860-1899) and city doctors from Kristianstad (1883-1899) were studied. The reports included conscription reports, tables of illnesses and deaths, and an annually summarized health report of the district. The district of Brosarp was a very poor area, due to its topographical location. The poverty brought illness, but not as much as could be expected. The infant mortality rate was lower than for the rest of the country. The long distances between the villages impeded the transmission of infectious diseases. The health situation in Kristianstad was also affected by its topographical location. The humid and densely populated city was a hotbed for infections. Sanitary improvements in both Brosarp and Kristianstad resulted in a better health situation at the end of the 19th century. There were several similarities between the studied areas and the developing countries of today, for example regarding malnutrition, traditional medicine and problems with contaminated drinking water. Compared to the health problems of today, poverty and infectious diseases were greater problems during the studied period of time, while problems related to diet and alcohol drinking were similar. More research is needed to relate the public health in Brosarp and Kristianstad to that in other Swedish districts during the same period of time.
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- Diamant, H, et al.
(författare)
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[Franz Kafka]
- 2006
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Ingår i: Svensk medicinhistorisk tidskrift. - 1402-9871. ; 10:1, s. 145-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Dunér, David
(författare)
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Om darrningar. Emanuel Swedenborgs iatromekanik
- 2006
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Ingår i: Svensk medicinhistorisk tidskrift. - 1402-9871. ; 9:1, s. 27-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of his daily life experiences of water waves the Swedish natural philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772) could use the wave metaphor to transfer the qualities of these waves to other physical phenomena such as sound waves and light waves. In the last issue of his scientific journal Dædalus Hyperboreus (1718), he published an overview of a new theory of tremulations. Swedenborg's most original idea was put forward more in detail in a manuscript of 1720. He maintained that life consists of waves or tremors of the nerves. The body is like a musical instrument. He was a typical follower of iatromechanics, describing the body as a machine with pumps, levers, bellows and so forth. Of special interest is his use of the metaphor of the circle. There are many different kinds of circulations in the body, such as the blood circulation, and respiration, which are parallels to the planetary motions.
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- Eklöf, Motzi, 1958-
(författare)
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Den ideale läkaren. En minnesteckning
- 1997
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Ingår i: Svensk medicinhistorisk tidskrift. - 1402-9871. ; 1:1, s. 97-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Eklöf, Motzi, 1958-
(författare)
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Missionerande medicin : Sjundedagsadventisternas internationella hälsoreform och vårdinrättningar i Sverige
- 2008
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Ingår i: Svensk Medicinhistorisk Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Föreningen för utgivande av Svensk Medicinhistorisk Tidskrift. - 1402-9871. ; 12:1, s. 119-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Medicine on Mission: The International Health Reform of Seventh-day Adventists and their Health Care Facilities in Sweden The international non-conformist denomination, Seventh-day Adventists, have since their foundation in 1863, had a distinctive health care model for their members. The life-style has included vegetarian diet, abstinence from alcohol, tobacco and other drugs and the observance of a day of rest once a week. The health policy has striven to care for God’s creation in the hope of resurrection at the Day of Judgment and to reform the conventional medical practice. The Adventists have pursued an extensive international health care system – from the start based on dietary and physical treatment methods, such as hydrotherapy, massage and physiotherapy – in line with the Christian mission. Health care establishments have been inaugurated around the world as a vehicle for enabling the Christian health care message to reach the upper classes.With Adventist and Doctor, John Harvey Kellogg’s Battle Creek Sanatorium in Michigan as both inspirational source and educational institution, the health care mission - including a vegetarian health food industry, following in the footsteps of cornflakes - spread to the Nordic countries by the turn of the century, 1900. Skodsborgs Badesanatorium near Copenhagen became the model institution for several health care establishments in Sweden during the 1900’s, such as Hultafors Sanatorium. The American-Nordic link has manifested itself through co-publication of papers, exchange of health care personnel and reporting to the central Adventist church.The American non-conformist domain as well as a private sphere of activity, aiming mainly from the outset at society’s upper classes, has encountered certain difficulties in maintaining this distinction in Sweden’s officially increasing secularised society, and in relation to a state health insurance and a publicly financed health care system. With the passing of time, the socioeconomic composition of patients at Hultafors became more heterogeneous, and conventional medical procedures were increasingly incorporated into the array of treatment resources. The successful enterprises – as they had been for a considerable time - could not, at the end of the 20th century, continue to be self financing or fulfil the missionary objectives among the upper classes. The institutionalised health care apparatus came to an end around the turn of the century, which also included the sale of health associated food product companies.The Seventh-day Adventist’s combination of medicine and religion with Christian missionary aims have indeed, not only steered health care models and institutions worldwide, but also which target groups to mainly turn to, the specific treatment philosophy, desirable working environment and which medical technologies to use. Furthermore, the Adventist’s health reform and care of the sick provide an example for how different medical cultures influence each other and develop in relation to one another in a pluralistic medical market. The developments are not merely a reflection of the medical, scientific and technical advancements, but also of the medical market’s structure, financing and (inter)national connections, of religion, culture and not least of all, patients’ options and their choices.
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- Gustavsson, Par, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish ambulance services 1935-1936 of Gunnar Agge
- 2006
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Ingår i: Svensk medicinhistorisk tidskrift. - 1402-9871. ; 10:1, s. 153-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fact that Sweden has been spared from war on its soil for almost 200 years, has not stopped Swedish citizens from participating in conflicts worldwide during this period. This has been described, especially from the soldiers perspective. The contribution of Swedish physicians has not been written about to the same extent. When Mussolini's Italy in October 1935 invaded the poor and underdeveloped country of Ethiopia (former Abyssinia) an ambulance was immediately organized by the Swedish Red Cross. To lead such an expedition, a great knowledge of Ethiopian culture och maybe most importantly, of the weather and geographical conditions, was undoubtedly demanded. Therefore, the Swedish Red Cross turned to two Ethiopian veterans. Doctor Fride Hylander, a missionary-son who had been working on a hospital project in the Ethiopian province of Harrar and his friend since school years, doctor Gunnar Agge, were assigned the leadership of the ambulance. Dr Agge had also participated in improving the Ethiopian health care both in Harrar and later as civilian and military doctor in the province of Ogaden, where he was medically responsible for the more than 9 000 men strong army that the Ethiopian emperor had stationed there after Italian provocations. Most of the other members of the ambulance were handpicked by these two leaders and many of them had, just like themselves, a stong religious belief. A money-raise was immediately initiated and in less than six weeks 700 000 Swedish crowns had been collected, more then twice the sum the ambulance was calculated to cost. In early november 1935 the ambulance was clear to go. Their primary objective was to travel through British Somaliland and establish a field-hospital in the province of Harrar. However, the Ethiopian emperor had other things in mind. He wanted to reorganize the ambulance and divide it in two and place it closer to the front line. The ambulance decided to go along with his wish. Both groups started eventually their dangerous journey towards the front, in the erratic hands of the weather-gods and the harsh environment. Roads, in a European sense, almost never existed and when the rain turned them into fields of mud, in which the cars constantly got stuck, the prospect of the ambulance did not seem good. For the minor group, for which Dr Agge was the assigned leader, it took more then two months to reach the eastern parts of Ethiopia. The other larger group reached its destination Malka Dida on december 19th. It didn't take long before the Italian airforce started to show an alarming interest for their camp. On December 30th, despite the fact that the field-hospital was marked with the flag of the Red Cross according to the Geneva Convention, Italian pilots dropped more then one hundred bombs over the area and totally destroyed the field-hospital and more or less all medical equipment. This day remains as maybe the darkest in the history of the International Red Cross. The Swedish medical orderly Gunnar Lundstrom later past away due to the injuries he suffered. Doctor Hylander was also seriously wounded but fortunately he could fully recover. The remaing crew of the ambulance was forced to retreat and after spending some time in the capital Addis Abeba they joined the smaller group. In the beginning of May 1936 it was time for the ambulance to try to make its way home. The crew was running out of medical equipment and it seemed just like a matter of time before the Italian pilots would detect them. After a hazardous journey through a nation in complete anarchy after the collapse of the Ethiopian military they could finally put themselves in security in British Kenya. This paper concludes that the ambulance indeed made a great humanitarian effort, by making its way through the harsh environment, establishing it close to the front line and treating thousands of patients, including both civilians and soldiers. This was an extraordinary performance that brought some balance to the view of the Ethiopian people of the "white world" Gunnar Agge was driven by his strong religious beliefs and a great sense of humanism and compassion. This followed him throughout his lifetime an he can without a doubt be compared with another well-known physician, the Canadian surgeon Norman Bethune (1890-1939). His work was characterized by soldarity and a foundamental and honest view of equity with a people living in a different continent, that was in many ways the opposite to the general view held in Europe.
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