| 1. |
- Aaro, LE, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting sexual and reproductive health in early adolescence in South Africa and Tanzania: development of a theory- and evidence-based intervention programme
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:2, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Action to prevent the spread of HIV among young people in Sub-Saharan Africa is needed urgently. In order to be effective, such action should be theory and evidence based and carefully adapted to local cultures and contexts. The present article describes the organization, theoretical basis, and methodological approach of a project that aims at developing and evaluating school-based interventions targeting adolescents aged 12—14 years. Methods: Researchers from European and African universities have developed interventions that were conducted in three sites: Cape Town and Polokwane (South Africa) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). In each site the interventions were evaluated through large-scale field experiments with intervention schools and delayed intervention schools and with baseline and two follow-up data collections. Mimimum sample sizes were estimated for each site based on local data and taking into acount that the unit of allocation was schools and not individual students (the design effect). During the formative phase as well as within the field experiments, qualitative studies were also conducted. Discussion: The interventions were developed consistent with the Intervention Mapping approach, and the theoretical framework was based on a modified version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The limitations of Western social cognition models were recognized, and the theoretical framework has therefore been expanded in two directions: towards integrating cultural processes and towards taking societal factors and constraints into account. Conclusion: The project will throw light on the application of social cognition models as well as the usefulness of the Intervention Mapping approach to intervention development in sub-Saharan Africa.
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| 2. |
- Ragnarsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Young people's understanding of HIV: a qualitative study among school students in Mankweng, South Africa
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 3737 Suppl 2, s. 101-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This article describes young people's interpretation of HIV, AIDS and sexually transmitted illness in a rural South African community in Mankweng, Limpopo Province. Method: The study was based on 19 focus group discussions with adolescents aged 12—14 years. Results: Our participants had limited knowledge about HIV from a biomedical perspective. Their understanding and interpretations of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases were largely informed by traditional and religious belief systems that explain how and why people contract an illness via sexual intercourse. Based on these interpretations, they also expressed distrust towards the medical health system, and where to go for care, support and treatment. Local traditional healers were often mentioned as the only people who could cure several of the sexually transmitted diseases described by our informants. Conclusions: The ways of understanding HIV, AIDS and other sexually transmitted illnesses may weaken efforts of health education interventions based solely on a medical and modern notion of disease. The authors emphasise the importance of exploring traditional and religious belief systems and taking these into account when planning and designing behaviour change interventions.
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| 3. |
- Schaalma, H, et al.
(författare)
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Correlates of intention to use condoms among Sub-Saharan African youth: the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 3737 Suppl 2, s. 87-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To test the applicability of an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour for the study of condom use intentions among large samples of young people in South Africa and Tanzania. Methods: Baseline data of a randomized controlled trial of school-based HIV/AIDS prevention programmes were used. The setting comprised secondary schools in the regions of Cape Town, Polokwane and Dar es Salaam. Participants were 15,782 secondary school students. The main measures were scales for intentions, knowledge, risk perceptions, attitudes, perceived social norms and perceived self-efficacy regarding condom use. Results: Seven variables accounted for 77% of the variance in intentions to use condoms: attitudes (β = 0.17), injunctive norms (β = 0.27), self-efficacy (β = 0.41), gender (lower condom use intentions among females), being a student at the Dar es Salaam site (lower scores than students in Cape Town and Polokwane), socioeconomic status (higher intentions with higher status), and access to condoms (higher intentions with higher access). Conclusions: Our results are comparable to those of studies conducted in Europe and the USA. Social cognition models such as the theory of planned behaviour are applicable in understanding the correlates of condom use intentions in African contexts.
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