| 1. |
- Al-Adili, N, et al.
(författare)
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Survival, family conditions and nutritional status of motherless orphans in the West Bank, Palestine
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:3, s. 292-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study describes survival, family care and growth of the orphans of women dying at reproductive age (15—49 years) in the West Bank, Palestine, in 2000 and 2001. Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven children who were below 5 years of age at the time of the mother's death were identified. Three had died soon after birth. The family situation for the remaining 164 children was recorded. A planned baseline study could not be done at that time, due to the escalating political violence in the study area. In 2004, an average of 3 years after the mother's death, all orphan families were contacted. Of the 164 orphans, six had left the country with their fathers, and six could not be reached, due to restricted mobility. Home interviews were conducted with the 148 orphans' custodians/care-takers. Family situation and orphans' health status as judged by the interviewees were investigated, and are presented in descriptive statistics. Orphan weight and height were measured, and rates of wasting and stunting were calculated and analysed by gender. Results: The most striking finding is the high survival rate among the orphans. With the exception of the three neonatal deaths, all orphans who could be reached were alive. Almost all lived with their fathers, most of whom had remarried shortly after the death of their wives, and a stepmother had joined the family in 85% of the cases. Of the orphans under 5 years of age at the time of the interview, 8.8% and 17.6%, respectively, suffered from wasting and stunting, all of whom were girls. These rates were higher than those in the national data from 2003 for Palestinian children. Conclusions: Early family reconstruction is suggested to be a contributing factor to the high survival rate. Close monitoring of motherless orphans' health and nutritional status, with a special emphasis on orphan girls, should be ensured.
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| 2. |
- Kaye, DK, et al.
(författare)
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Escaping the triple trap: coping strategies of pregnant adolescent survivors of domestic violence in Mulago hospital, Uganda
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:2, s. 180-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Why domestic violence survivors develop adverse outcomes following domestic violence during pregnancy is unclear, but may depend on how survivors cope with the stress of violence. The objective was to describe strategies pregnant adolescents employ in coping with domestic violence. Methods: This was a qualitative study involving 16 in-depth interviews with adolescent domestic violence survivors who attended the antenatal clinic in Mulago hospital, Kampala, Uganda, from January to May 2004. Theoretical sampling, necessitated by the emergent theory from sequential data collection and analysis, further provided diversity of experiences from adolescents of different ages, parity, pregnancy duration, and socioeconomic status until saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using grounded theory. Findings: Survivors described varied experiences of physical, sexual, and psychological violence. Coping strategies employed were analyzed as: Minimizing damage — decreasing impact and severity of violence, withdrawal — physical or social withdrawal, seeking help and retaliation (fighting back). Coping strategies were influenced by adolescence and pregnancy, and are explained in relation to theories of coping with stress. Conclusions: Coping strategies adopted by pregnant adolescent survivors range from problem-focused approaches to emotion-focused approaches. Coping strategies are influenced markedly by adolescence and pregnancy.
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| 3. |
- Lofstedt, P, et al.
(författare)
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Birth-spacing patterns in Huaning County, Yunnan Province, PRC: is the adoption of a small family norm sustainable?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:3, s. 257-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China's family planning programs have emphasized delayed marriage and longer spacing between births. Since 1970, the fertility has declined from 6 to 1.8 births and the mean age at first marriage has gone up but the recommended spacing intervals have not been fully realized. Despite the fertility decline it is being debated among scholars whether China has completed a sustainable demographic transition or not, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in the timing and patterns of marriage and childbearing in relation to successive family planning policies. A cluster random sample of 1,336 women aged 15—64 at the time of the survey (2000) was selected in one rural county in Yunnan province. Life-table techniques were used to analyze the cumulative proportion of women marrying and having a certain number of births. Cox's hazard regression model was used to estimate the effects of various covariates on the ``hazard'' for a woman to have a second birth. Our findings demonstrate how childbearing patterns have changed in the direction of delayed marriage, a decreased interval between first marriage and first child, and significantly longer spacing between the first and second child. This transformation of childbearing patterns corresponds well with the requirements of the policies. Considering the characteristics of Yunnan, it seems likely that the changing fertility behavior has been more influenced by a strictly enforced family planning policy than by societal changes leading to the adoption of a new, smaller family norm.
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