| 1. |
- de Munter, JS, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal analysis of lifestyle habits in relation to body mass index, onset of overweight and obesity: results from a large population-based cohort in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 43:3, s. 236-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: It is currently unknown whether the prevalence of obesity is increasing or has levelled off in Sweden and other Westernised countries. Given the major importance of lifestyle habits on weight status, we aimed to explore associations of longitudinal changes in lifestyle habits with changes in body mass index (BMI), and the onset of overweight and obesity. Methods: Participants (aged 18–84 years at baseline) were included from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort 2002–2010 ( n=23,108). Weight status was from self-reported height and weight. Investigated lifestyle habits were leisure-time physical activity, and fruit, alcohol and smoking habits. We estimated associations of stable, improving or worsening lifestyle habits with longitudinal changes in BMI and onset of overweight or obesity between 2002 and 2010. Results: Both men and women increased in weight during the eight years of follow-up. Incidence of obesity was lower in men who increased their leisure-time physical activity (Relative Risk [RR]=0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.81) than in inactive individuals; the same applied to women (RR=0.37, 0.25–0.54), and similar patterns were identified for overweight and BMI in both genders. Smoking cessation was associated with onset of obesity for men (RR=1.69, 1.15–2.50) and women (RR=1.99, 1.39–2.85). Stable low alcohol intake or decreasing alcohol intake and daily fruit intake was associated with less weight gain, but only in men. Conclusions: Improving physical activity in both men and women, and alcohol habits and fruit intake in men, prevents excess weight gain among adult people in Sweden. Such an improvement might diminish weight gain after smoking cessation.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived discrimination among men and women with normal weight and obesity. A population-based study from Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:6, s. 587-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We examined whether men and women with obesity reported different types of discrimination to a greater extent than those with normal weight, and explored whether these associations were modified by socioeconomic position. Method: National representative sample of men and women, with normal weight (n = 2,000), moderate obesity (n = 2,461) and severe obesity (n = 557). Participants were identified in a yearly population-based survey (1996—2006) and data on perceived discrimination and potential confounding factors were measured in 2008. Logistic regression models tested whether obesity was associated with perceived lifetime, workplace, healthcare and interpersonal discrimination. Results: The overall response rate was 56%. For men, moderate obesity was associated with workplace discrimination, while severely obese women were more likely to report this sort of discrimination than normal weight women. Severely obese individuals were twice as likely to report healthcare discrimination than normal weight individuals. Women, regardless of weight status group, were in turn twice as likely to report healthcare discrimination as men. Women with severe obesity were significantly more likely to report interpersonal discrimination compared with normal weight women. Socioeconomic position modified the association between weight status and healthcare discrimination. Highly educated individuals with moderate and severe obesity were more likely to report healthcare discrimination than their normal weight counterparts, whereas low educated individuals with normal weight, moderate and severe obesity were equally likely to report discrimination. Conclusions: In this large, population-based study, discrimination was more likely to be reported by obese individuals compared with those of normal weight. The associations, however, varied according to gender and socioeconomic position.
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| 3. |
- Kark, M, et al.
(författare)
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Growing social inequalities in the occurrence of overweight and obesity among young men in Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 33:6, s. 472-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of the present study are to investigate time trends and social inequalities in mean body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity among 18-year-old men in Sweden from 1970 to 2000 and to explore whether social inequalities in these conditions have increased. Methods: A record linkage was made between the Military Service Conscription Register, Population and Housing Censuses, the Register of Education and the Register of the Total Population. All 1,748,800 males born in 1952—82 who were living in Sweden at the age of 17 years in 1969—99 were eligible for this nationwide study. The study population comprises 1,500,499 18-year-old men with information on BMI (86% of eligible subjects). Results: During the study period from 1970 to 2000, mean BMI increased from 20.89 kg/m2 to 22.49 kg/m2, the prevalence of overweight increased from 6.6% to 13.6% and the prevalence of obesity increased from 1.0% to 3.8%. Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher among young men with low-educated mothers than among those with high-educated mothers. A noteworthy finding was that the socioeconomic gap increased over time. Conclusions: Between 1970 and 2000, the prevalence of overweight increased twofold and the prevalence of obesity increased fourfold in this study population. The social inequalities in overweight and obesity have steadily increased among young men in Sweden during the past three decades.
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| 4. |
- Karnehed, N, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity in young adulthood and later disability pension: a population-based cohort study of 366,929 Swedish men
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:1, s. 48-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased threefold among Swedish men during recent decades. Knowledge from Sweden on how obese men manage in working life and become disability pensioners is sparse. The aim of this nationwide and population-based cohort study was to investigate to what extent body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood predicts later disability pension. Method: All Swedish men born 1952—59, who had their weight and height measured at age 18 years in the compulsory military conscription examinations, were followed up longitudinally from 1990 to 2001 with regard to receiving disability pension. Data on own socioeconomic position (1985), education and marital status (1990), parental socioeconomic position (1960), and education (1970) were obtained from censuses. For 366,929 men (81% of the eligible men) the hazard ratio for receiving disability pension was calculated with Cox regression controlling for own education, parental education, childhood and adult socioeconomic position, marital status, morbidity, and type of municipality. Results: Obesity in young adulthood increased the risk for disability pension later in life (1.35, 95% CI 1.19, 1.52) compared with men of normal weight. The relationship between BMI and disability pension was J-shaped with higher risks for underweight (1.14, 95% CI 1.09, 1.20) and obese men. Conclusions: Obese men in Sweden are at higher risk of receiving disability pension. The relationship between BMI and disability pension is J-shaped. An important future task is to estimate the societal costs due to disability pension of obese people.
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| 5. |
- Muhr, P, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of hearing loss among 18-year-old Swedish men during the period 1971-1995
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:5, s. 524-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To study the hearing of 18-year-old men by using screening audiograms obtained at military conscription. Methods: The study group comprised 301,873 Swedish men belonging to six age cohorts born from 1953 to 1977 who had been screened at age 18 years from 1971 to 1995. The prevalence of mild to moderate hearing loss was investigated. Results: Of the entire study group, 13.1% had elevation of one or more pure tone thresholds. In most cases, 11.9%, the elevation was situated in the high-frequency region. High-frequency hearing loss was more common in the left ear (7.5%) than in the right ear (6.2%). The prevalence of hearing loss decreased during the period 1971 to 1981 from 15.7% to 8.3%. During the last part of the study period, 1986 to 1995, the prevalence increased from 9.8% to 16.3%. The increase included mild to moderate degrees of hearing loss with thresholds below 35 dB HL. The prevalence of threshold elevations was highest in sparsely populated areas of Sweden and lowest in large, metropolitan areas of Sweden from 1971 to 1986. During the last part of the study period the geographical differences decreased or disappeared. Conclusions: The total prevalence of hearing loss was in accordance with other reports. The frequency 6 kHz was most affected by threshold elevations. The prevalence of hearing loss decreased in the first part of the study period, and increased at the end of the study period. Hearing loss was most commonly seen in rural areas.
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| 6. |
- Ropponen, A, et al.
(författare)
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Association between hand grip/body weight ratio and disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorders: a population-based cohort study of 1 million Swedish men
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 39:8, s. 830-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the predictive value of hand grip/body weight ratio and hand grip strength in early adulthood for obtaining a disability pension (DP) due to musculoskeletal disorders in later life. Methods: A nationwide population-based sample of men born 1951–76 ( n = 1,387,166) in Sweden and anthropometric and strength indicators from their conscription examination. Register data on the date and diagnoses of granted DP between the years 1971–2006. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The lowest quintile of hand grip/body weight ratio predicted a greatly increased risk (HR 2.51, 95% CI 2.40–2.63) for DP due to musculoskeletal disorders compared to the mid-quintile. The highest quintile of hand grip/body weight ratio predicted a decreased risk (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75–0.84). Stratification of the hand grip/body weight ratio with body mass index confirmed the results. However, the highest quintiles of hand grip strength adjusted for height and weight predicted a somewhat increased risk for DP due to musculoskeletal disorders (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18–1.32). Conclusions: This study indicates that the hand grip/body weight ratio in young adulthood is strongly and inversely associated with men's risk of obtaining a disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorders in later life. However, the risk seems to be mediated through the body weight. The properties of hand grip/body weight ratio should be further evaluated before it can be recommended for use in clinical and epidemiological studies.
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