| 1. |
- Eriksson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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MONICA quality assessments.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. Supplement. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956 .- 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 61, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors give an overview of the quality assessments in the WHO MONICA project and compare the quality of the data from Northern Sweden with other reporting units. METHODS AND RESULTS: Standardized measurement procedures and routine checks were used to ensure good quality of the data. The quality has been evaluated by a scoring system. The results show that the data from Northern Sweden have good quality for all variables except total cholesterol in the initial survey. In the subsequent surveys, the quality of cholesterol data was good. CONCLUSIONS: Great effort was put in to ensure good data quality and Northern Sweden is one of the MONICA units with very good quality of data.
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| 2. |
- Hallmans, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort : evaluation of risk factors and their interactions.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. Supplement Links. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956 .- 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 61, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is, first, to describe the organization, sampling procedures, availability of samples/database, ethical considerations, and quality control program of the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort. Secondly, some examples are given of studies on cardiovascular disease and diabetes with a focus on the biomarker programme. The cohort has been positioned as a national and international resource for scientific research.
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| 3. |
- Lindahl, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in lifestyle 1986-99 in a 25- to 64-year-old population of the Northern Sweden MONICA project.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. Supplement. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956 .- 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 61, s. 31-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The authors explore the time trends in lifestyle factors in the Northern Sweden MONICA population, including physical activity, intake of certain foods, coffee and alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of smokeless tobacco. METHODS: Four health surveys during a 14-year time span were compared (1986, 1990, 1994, and 1999). The participation rate in all surveys was high. A questionnaire with similar or comparable questions about lifestyle factors was used across all health surveys. RESULTS: A large variation was demonstrated in the consumption of saturated fat in dairy products across the surveys. The use of butter on bread and of 3% fat milk clearly declined in favour of using low-fat margarine and 1-1.5% fat milk. A decline in the intake of boiled or baked potatoes together with an increase in the intake of pasta and rice was demonstrated. There were no changes in leisure-time physical activity. The proportion of the population using tobacco was unaltered. In men, smoking declined during the period but simultaneously there was an increase in the use of smokeless tobacco. The use of "boiled" or Scandinavian coffee diminished and more frequent use of alcohol was seen, especially in men. CONCLUSION: Pronounced changes were seen in food consumption with a decrease in saturated fat intake, boiled coffee, and potatoes and an increase in alcohol, rice, and pasta consumption. No clear time trends were found in physical activity or in the use of tobacco.
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| 4. |
- Stegmayr, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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The events registration and survey procedures in the Northern Sweden MONICA Project.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scand J Public Health Suppl. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956. ; 61, s. 9-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The WHO MONICA Project (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) was initiated in 1982. The purpose was to evaluate to what extent mortality trends could be explained by changes over time in the population load of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. To test this hypothesis, time trends in cardiovascular event rates have been correlated with trends in levels of risk factors in 35- to 64-year-old men and women in 38 populations. In most MONICA populations, the study has covered a period of 10 years or more. Methods: All acute myocardial infarction and stroke events have been registered in a population-based setting in Norrbotten and Västerbotten counties from 1985 and onwards. The total population is approximately 510,000 inhabitants. In the frame of the WHO MONICA Project, the same strict criteria have been used in all years. Another part of the MONICA Project is population risk factor surveys. In Northern Sweden the first survey took place in 1986 and the following surveys were performed in 1990, 1994, and 1999, including the age group 25 - 74 years (the first two surveys were of the age range 25 - 64 years). Results: From 1985 to 2000, in total 18,105 suspected stroke events, aged 25 - 74 years, were scrutinized and validated at the central stroke office in Northern Sweden. Of these, 13,908 were found to fulfil the MONICA criteria of an acute stroke. During the period 1985 to 1998, in total 13,228 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction, aged 25 - 64 years, were registered. Of these, 8,744 fulfilled the MONICA criteria for acute myocardial infarction. In the four surveys, in total 9,000 randomly selected men and women were invited for survey. Of these 6,952 (77%) participated in the surveys. Conclusion: From 1985 and onwards, the WHO MONICA project has been going on in Northern Sweden. During the whole time the same strict WHO criteria have been followed.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Berit, 1940-, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence - stability over time and relation to health, disease, and psychosocial changes in a general population : a longitudinal study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 31:4, s. 297-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To explore the stability of sense of coherence (SOC) over time in a normal population and to examine its relation to gender and psychosocial factors. Methods: The Northern Sweden MONICA Project population surveys were performed in 1994 and 1999. A cohort of 1,254 subjects participating in both surveys answered questions about experiences of disease, perceived health, marital status, psychosocial factors, and Antonovsky's SOC scale with 13 items. Results: The mean SOC score showed a decrease in the five-year follow-up and those with identified disease and the oldest age group (45 - 74 years) had the largest decrease of the SOC score. People with the lowest SOC scores in 1994 had the largest decrease during the period. Men and women shared a similar pattern regarding the decrease in SOC over time. The impact of individual social changes during the study period showed that both men and women who had experienced loss of perceived good health and high social support had the largest decrease. Furthermore, women seemed to be more affected by changes than men. Conclusions: We found that SOC was only stable for those with initially high levels of SOC. For other people, individual conditions and societal changes influenced their SOC. Further longitudinal studies in normal populations are needed to investigate the stability of SOC scores.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Stegmayr, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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The decline of smoking in northern Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scand J Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948. ; 33:4, s. 321-4; discussion 243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For decades men in Sweden have smoked at far lower rates than those in comparable countries. Previous studies showed that snus use played a major role in low smoking rates among men in northern Sweden; daily smoking declined from 19% (95% CI 16—22%) in 1986 to 11% (CI 8.9—14%) in 1999. The prevalence of smoking among all men is now 9% (CI 7.0— 11%) and only 3% (CI 0.1—5.4%) among men age 25—34 years; the prevalence of exclusive snus use is 27% (CI 24—30%) and 34% (CI 27—42%) respectively. Combined smoking and snus use, an unstable and transient category, was under 5% in all surveys and was 2.2% (CI 1.4—3.4%) by 2004. For the first time snus use is also associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence among women. These patterns of tobacco use have implications for all smoking-dominated societies.
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| 8. |
- Stenlund, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with burnout in relation to gender and a general population
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:5, s. 516-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aims of this study were to describe gender differences in patients with burnout and compare these patients with a general population with respect to physical, psychosocial and work variables. METHODS: Data were collected from a total of 136 patients (96 women and 40 men, 41.6 +/- 7.4 years), diagnosed with stress-related disease and burnout at the Stress Clinic, University Hospital of Umeå. Data on burnout, physical, psychosocial and work characteristics were compared with similar data from a geographical and age-matched population based survey, the 2004 Northern Sweden MONICA study. The survey sample included a total of 573 participants (283 women and 290 men, 40.7 +/- 8.5 years). RESULTS: Women with burnout reported a higher rate of impaired awakening, lower job control, greater proportion of unpaid work and worked to a greater extent "with people" compared to men. Men with burnout had a more restricted social network and reported working more overtime than women. Patients with burnout reported a higher rate of unemployment, a more restricted social network and higher work demands compared to a general population. Women with burnout reported less emotional support, a more sedentary work situation, high job strain and worked to a greater extent "with people" than women from the general population. CONCLUSIONS: There are some differences in working conditions and social network between women and men with burnout. Patients with burnout differ from a general population regarding individual and social factors as well as work-related factors.
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