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Sökning: L773:1403 4948 > Svenska

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1.
  • Huong, Dao Lan, et al. (författare)
  • Applying verbal autopsy to determine cause of death in rural Vietnam
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 31:Suppl. 62, s. 19-25
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: Verbal autopsy (VA) is an attractive method for ascertaining causes of death in settings where the proportion of people who die under medical care is low. VA has been widely used to determine causes of childhood and maternal deaths, but has had limited use in assessing causes in adults and across all age groups. The objective was to test the feasibility of using VA to determine causes of death for all ages in Bavi District, Vietnam, in 1999, leading to an initial analysis of the mortality pattern in this area. Methods: Trained lay field workers interviewed a close caretaker of the deceased using a combination closed/open-ended questionnaire. Results: A total of 189 deaths were studied. Diagnoses were made by two physicians separately, with good agreement (k~0.84) and then combined to reach one single underlying cause of death for each case. The leading causes of death were cardiovascular and infectious diseases (accounting for 20.6% and 17.9% of the total respectively). Drowning was very prevalent in children under 15 (seven out of nine cases of drowning were in this age group). Discussion: One month seemed an acceptable minimum recall period to ensure mourning procedures were over. A combination VA questionnaire was an appropriate instrument provided it was supported by adequate training of interviewers. Two physicians were appropriate for making the diagnoses but predefined diagnostic methods for common causes should be developed to ensure more replicable results and comparisons, as well as to observe trends of mortality over time. The causes of death in this study area reflect a typical pattern for developing countries that are in epidemiological transition. No maternal deaths and a low infant mortality rate may be the result of improvements in maternal and child health in this study area. Using the VA gave more precise causes of death than those reported at death registration. Although the validity of the VA method used has not been fully assessed, it appeared to be an appropriate method for ascertaining causes of death in the study area. Key words: cause of death, community data, field survey, mortality, verbal autopsy, Vietnam.
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2.
  • Rudholm, Niklas (författare)
  • Pharmaceutical Insurance and the Demand for Prescription Pharmaceuticals in Västerbotten, Sweden.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 33:1, s. 50-56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of pharmaceutical insurance on the demand for prescription pharmaceuticals in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. As the patients do not bear the full marginal costs of the pharmaceuticals they consume when pharmaceutical insurance systems are present, this could induce patients to over-consume pharmaceutical treatments. METHODS: Data covering all prescription pharmaceuticals sold in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden during the year 2001 have been provided by the local county council. Data include information concerning the gender and age of the patient, the number of defined daily doses, total cost, and the patient's co-payment for the prescription. The hypothesis that patients will consume more (or perhaps more expensive) pharmaceuticals when there is pharmaceutical insurance is tested by means of regression analysis. RESULTS: The results show that both the quantities dispensed and the price of the pharmaceuticals consumed increase when the pharmaceutical insurance system pays part of the total cost of the pharmaceuticals consumed. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that introducing a small patient co-payment for all prescriptions should be an effective measure to decrease pharmaceutical consumption.
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Byass, Peter (1)
Rudholm, Niklas (1)
Minh, Hoang Van (1)
Huong, Dao Lan (1)
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