| 1. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort differences in personality in middle-aged women during a 36-year period. Results from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:5, s. 457-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate secular trends in personality traits in adult female populations. METHODS: Two representative, population-based cohorts of women, 38 (n = 318) and 50 (n = 593) years of age participated in a health examination in 1968 and 2004 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS) were used to measure personality traits. Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables (personal income, education, marital status, children at home, physical activity and smoking) were reported. RESULTS: In both age groups, secular comparisons in psychological profile subscales showed an increase in dominance, exhibition, aggression and achievement. Only small divergences were seen concerning affiliation, guilt feelings, nurturance and succorance. EPI showed a corresponding rise in extroversion. Social data showed a statistically significant increase in percentage of unmarried women, personal income levels, and higher educational achievement. While around 70% of women in 1968-69 had elementary school education only, around 90% had high school or university education in 2004-05. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate major transitions in the adult Swedish female population in the direction of a more stereotypically ''male'' personality profile, but not at the expense of traditionally socially important female traits, which remained constant. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that society and the environment influence personality.
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| 2. |
- Flacking, Renée, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of fathers' socioeconomic status and paternity leave on breastfeeding duration : a population-based cohort study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:4, s. 337-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The propensity to breastfeed is a matter of public concern because of the favourable effects for infants. However, very few studies have described the influence of paternal variables upon duration of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of fathers' socioeconomic status and their use of paternity leave on breastfeeding duration for infants up to 1 year of age. METHODS: A prospective population-based cohort study was undertaken. Data on breastfeeding, registered in databases in two Swedish counties for 1993-2001, were matched with data on socioeconomic status and paternity leave obtained from Statistics Sweden. Fathers of 51,671 infants were identified and included. RESULTS: Infants whose fathers had a lower level of education, were receiving unemployment benefit and/or had a lower equivalent disposable household income were significantly less likely to be breastfed at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Infants whose fathers did not take paternity leave during the infant's first year were significantly less likely to be breastfed at 2 (p < 0.001), 4 (p < 0.001), and 6 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This paper shows that an enabling of an increased involvement from fathers during the infants' first year of life, such as by paid paternity leave, may have beneficial effects on breastfeeding up to 6 months of age. A more systematic approach to supporting fathers' involvement may be particularly valuable to those infants whose fathers have a lower socioeconomic status.
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| 3. |
- Gusdal, Annelie K, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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District nurses' use for an assessment tool in their daily work with elderly patients' medication management
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:4, s. 354-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore the capability of the Safe Medication Assessment (SMA) tool in identifying factors highly related to unsafe medication management among elderly patients and to investigate the district nurses' (DNs) opinions of the SMA's usefulness as a tool in their daily primary healthcare practice. Introduction: Elderly patients who experience many medical conditions often use multiple drugs. As well as the combined decline in physical and cognitive functions, the elderly are at high risk for medication-related problems. It is essential to develop a screening procedure to distinguish elderly at risk of an unsafe medication management.METHODS: An explorative study. During a 3-6-month period, 25 voluntary DNs used SMA with 160 patients (consecutively chosen and meeting four specified criteria) in their daily practice. Furthermore, DNs responded to questions regarding SMA's usefulness.RESULTS: The result showed that SMA had the capability to identify factors highly related to unsafe medication management among the elderly included in the study. In 64% of assessments DNs identified areas of new information and in 23% of the assessments DNs intervened. They found SMA to be satisfactory regarding its level of simplicity, relevance, completeness, intelligibility, and time for implementation.CONCLUSIONS: SMA alerted the DNs to patients' attitudes about medication and empowered them in identifying elderly patients who had unsafe medication management. SMA was also perceived as a useful assessment tool by the DNs.
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| 4. |
- Hammarström, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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It´s no surprise! Men are not hit more than women by the health consequences of unemployment in the Northern Swedish Cohort
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:2, s. 187-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Research often fails to ascertain whether men and women are equally hit by the health consequences of unemployment. The aim of this study was to analyze whether men’s self-reported health and health behaviour were hit more by unemployment than women’s in a follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort.Methods: A follow-up study of a cohort of all school leavers in a middle-sized industrial town in northern Sweden was performed from age 16 to age 42. Of those still alive of the original cohort, 94% (n = 1,006) participated during the whole period. A sample was made of participants in the labour force and living in Sweden (n = 916). Register data were used to assess the length of unemployment from age 40 to 42, while questionnaire data were used for the other variables.Results: In multivariate logistic regression analyses significant relations between unemployment and mental health/smoking were found among both women and men, even after control for unemployment at the time of the investigation and indicators of health-related selection. Significant relations between unemployment and alcohol consumption were found among women, while few visits to a dentist was significant among men.Conclusions: Men are not hit more by the health consequences of unemployment in a Swedish context, with a high participation rate of women in the labour market. The public health relevance is that the study indicates the need to take gendered contexts into account in public health research.
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| 5. |
- Moradi, Tahereh, et al.
(författare)
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Translation of questionnaire increases the response rate in immigrants : filling the language gap or feeling of inclusion?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:8, s. 889-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has a long history of conducting questionnaire-based Public Health Surveys (PHS) to monitor health determinants. As Sweden has become a multi-ethnic society a linguistically adapted instrument to collect data was first used in Stockholm PHS 2006 to overcome the barrier of lack of Swedish language proficiency, but more importantly to overcome the psychological barrier of being excluded. The questionnaire was translated into the six most spoken languages among Swedish immigrants, namely Arabic, English, Farsi, Finnish, Spanish, and Turkish. In spite of a decrease in participation rate (-2.9%, p < 0.0001) among native Swedes in PHS 2006 compared with PHS 2002, there was a substantial increase in participation rate among immigrants in PHS 2006 who received a translated questionnaire or were interviewed in their mother tongue. The increase in response rate varied from 2.1% among Finnish-speaking immigrants up to 12.4% among Turkish-speaking immigrants and was significant for Arabic-speaking (p < 0.0001), Farsi-speaking (p = 0.003), Spanish-speaking (p < 0.0001) and Turkish-speaking (p < 0.0001) immigrants. Various attempts to increase participation rate will be of importance to policy makers involved in the integration of the immigrant population, to healthcare professionals, and obviously to the public.
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| 6. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of health, physical/leisure activities, work and socio-demographics associated with pet ownership in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:1, s. 53-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of the work presented here was to explore differences between pet owners and non-pet-owners concerning aspects of health, physical/leisure activities, work and socio-demographics. Methods: The study was based on nationally representative data from the Swedish population (n = 43,589). Associations between pet ownership and background variables were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 39,995 respondents were included in the analysis (non-pet-owners 25,006; pet owners 14,989). Pet ownership was associated with both positive and negative aspects of health, physical/leisure activities and socio-demographics. Pet owners had better general health but suffered more from mental health problems than non-pet-owners. Their leisure activities involved a greater interest in nature life and/or gardening than those of non-pet-owners. The logistic regression analysis showed that people who were self-employed, in the age range 35 to 49, of female sex, and suffering from pain in the head, neck and shoulders were more likely to own a pet than others. People physically active at a level sufficient to have a positive effect on their health more often owned a pet than people who were less active. Conclusions: Pet owners differ from non-pet-owners in aspects of socio-demographics, health, physical/leisure activities and work situation. This study, based on a general regional population in Sweden, showed differences of both a positive and a negative kind between non-pet-owners and pet owners concerning aspects of health, physical and leisure activities, and work situation.
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| 7. |
- Osman, Fatumo, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the use of khat among Somali immigrants living in Swedish society
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39, s. 212-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of Somali immigrants’ perceptions of the use of khat living in Swedish society. Using khat is illegal in SwedenMethods: A phenomenographic design was used to capture different perception of using khat. Fourteen interviews were conducted with both men and women. The information was subjected to phenomenographic analysis.Findings: Perceptions of the habit of chewing khat among Somalis living in Sweden vary. The use of khat is perceived as a kind of food or as a drug. To use khat is perceived as having a physical impact on individual health, as well as an impact on social and family life. Using khat also has an impact on people’s time, because time is needed to indulge the habit. Furthermore, using khat is perceived as a medium for cultural and community cohesiveness. The Somalis prefered preventive measures in place to counter the use of khat in SwedenConclusions: The use of a phenomenographic design which captured the variation in perceptions of the habit of using khat among Somali immigrants’ living in Swedish society is helpful in guiding individual strategies in health promotion activities.
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| 8. |
- Reine, Ieva, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Is participation in labour market programmes related to mental health? : results from a 14-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish cohort
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:1, s. 26-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: There is a lack of empirical studies assessing the possible impact of active labour market programmes (ALMP) on health. The aim of this study was to analyze whether participation in ALMP, in contrast to being unemployed and not participating in ALMP (UNALMP), was related to mental health at different ages. Methods: The study was carried out in a medium-sized industrial town in the north of Sweden. The cohort, consisting of all 1,083 pupils who attended or should have attended the last year of compulsory school in 1981, was followed up at the ages of 16, 18, 21 and 30. Data on 381 individuals at age 21, and 281 at age 30 were used in the study. The main health measurement was psychological symptoms among participants of ALMP in contrast to UNALMP at ages 21 and 30, and was analyzed by propensity score matching method (PSM) and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Generally, ALMP had higher scores of psychological symptoms than UNALMP. Nevertheless, participation in ALMP was not related to mental health. Due to methodological shortages our results have to be interpreted with caution. Adjustment for either all background selection variables or the propensity score in multivariate logistic regression showed similar associations, suggesting that propensity score could be used to adjust for background selection variables. Conclusions: There is a need for more well-designed studies, using a theoretical framework, within the field, that are based on larger samples.
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| 9. |
- Sahlberg, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Sick building syndrome in relation to domestic exposure in Sweden : A cohort study from 1991 to 2001
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:3, s. 232-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most studies on sick building syndrome (SBS) are cross-sectional and have dealt with symptoms among office workers. There are very few longitudinal cohort studies and few studies on SBS in relation to domestic exposures. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in SBS symptoms during the follow-up period and also to investigate changes in different types of indoor exposures at home and relate them to SBS symptoms in a population sample of adults from Sweden. We also wanted to investigate if there was any seasonal or regional variation in associations between exposure and SBS. METHODS: A random sample of 1,000 people of the general population in Sweden (1991) was sent a self administered questionnaire. A follow-up questionnaire was sent in 2001. RESULTS: An increased risk for onset of any skin symptoms (risk ratio (RR) 2.32, 1.37-3.93), mucosal symptoms (RR 3.17, 1.69-5.95) or general symptoms (RR 2.18, 1.29-3.70) was found for those who had dampness or moulds in the dwelling during follow-up. In addition people living in damp dwellings had a lower remission of general symptoms and skin symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Dampness in the dwelling is a risk factor for new onset of SBS symptoms. Focus on indoor environment improvements in dwellings can be beneficial both for the inhabitants and the general population. Reducing dampness in buildings is an important factor for reducing SBS symptoms in the general population.
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| 10. |
- Sandmark, Helene
(författare)
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Health, sleep, and professional career in female white-collar workers back to work after long-term sick-listing due to minor mental disorders
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:8, s. 823-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study is a 3-year follow up of female white-collar workers, who were on long-term sick leave in 2004 due to stress-related and minor mental disorders. The aim is to show what promotes return-to-work (RTW) and the impact of a long period of sickness absence on professional career. Methods: The study includes a cohort of 233 women who were currently on medically certified sick leave lasting >= 90 days in 2004. A postal questionnaire was sent out after 34 months, regarding self-rated health, quality of sleep, sick-listing status, occupational status, etc. Results: After 34 months, 69% of the women had fully returned to working life. One of the most salient findings is that almost half of those had changed jobs and more than a third were in a new profession. Those who were back in working life rated less negative consequences of the long-term sick-listing on their professional career and their quality of sleep was better (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.50-5.60 "sleeping all night"). Self-rated health did not show significant association with RTW (OR 2.83, 95% CI 0.91-8.77). Those who had returned to working life reported more control over their lives (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.01-3.88). Conclusions: The findings imply that, in work health promotion and rehabilitation and efforts to prevent sickness absence due to stress-related disorders, important factors to be considered are job mobility, changes in present work, improved sleep, and control over one's own life.
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