| 1. |
- Hansson, Tommy H., 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). Chapter 6. Sickness absence due to back and neck disorders
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scand J Public Health Suppl. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956 .- 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 63, s. 109-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scientific evidence on the causes for sick leave attributed to back and neck disorders was reviewed. Categories were established for acute, recurring, and chronic problems based on the duration of the sick leave period. Forty-eight articles were found to be relevant, whereof two were of high quality and 26 were of medium or low quality. Quality was assessed exclusively in relation to the aim of this systematic review. The results reveal limited published research on causes for sick leave from back and neck disorders. The generalisability of the findings is also limited since most of the subjects were men and employees in manufacturing industries. Women, white-collar workers, employees in the public sector (care, social services, schools, etc) were underrepresented in the studies. Hence, these groups and areas should be studied further to verify conclusions and enhance knowledge about the causes for sick leave from back and neck disorders. The following factors were found to have consistent, but limited, support as regards their influence on the risk for sick leave due to back and neck disorders: (a) heavy physical workload, bent or twisted working position, and low work satisfaction increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave; (b) specific back diagnoses and previous sick leave due to back disorders increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave; (c) female gender, smoking, exposure to vibration, and deficient social support were not found to significantly increase the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave; (d) self-reported pain and functional impairments were associated with a high risk for long-term sick leave; (e) longer employment periods reduced the risk for short-term sick leave; (f) perceived demands at work did not influence short-term sick leave; (g) female gender and higher age increases the risk for disability pension.
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| 2. |
- Hensing, Gunnel, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). Chapter 7. Sickness absence and psychiatric disorders.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. Supplement. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956 .- 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 63, s. 152-80
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited scientific evidence that women have a higher frequency and incidence of sickness absence due to psychiatric diagnoses. Because of conflicting findings, there is insufficient evidence on gender differences in the duration of sickness absence. Because of conflicting findings, there is also insufficient evidence on the association between age and sickness absence with psychiatric diagnoses. There is insufficient evidence on the association of sickness absence due to psychiatric diagnoses with work-related factors, factors related to family and social networks outside of the job, and psychosocial factors in childhood and adolescence since none of the individual factors were investigated in more than a single study. The results were conflicting (insufficient evidence) in five studies that investigated whether individuals with psychiatric disorders were at greater risk for sickness absence and disability pension, irrespective of the diagnosis on the sickness certificate. The four studies that used alcohol diagnoses to identify alcohol problems found increased sickness absence irrespective of the diagnosis on the certificate (expressed as more sick-leave days or an increased risk for prolonged sickness absence in individuals with alcohol problems). Furthermore, two of the studies found an increased risk for disability pension in women diagnosed with alcohol problems. There is insufficient evidence because of too few studies. The results are conflicting with regard to the association between high alcohol consumption and sickness absence, irrespective of the diagnosis on the certificate (insufficient evidence).
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| 3. |
- Alexanderson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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More and better research needed on sickness absence.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 32:5, s. 321-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Alharbi, Tariq, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of organizational culture on the outcome of hospital care: After the implementation of person-centred care
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:1, s. 104-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To measure the effect of organizational culture on health outcomes of patients 3 months after discharge. Methods: a quantitative study using Organizational Values Questionnaire (OVQ) and a health-related quality of life instrument (EQ-5D). A total of 117 nurses, 69% response rate, and 220 patients answered the OVQ and EQ-5D, respectively. Results: The regression analysis showed that; 16% (R2 = 0.02) of a decreased health status, 22% (R2 = 0.05) of pain/discomfort and 13% (R2 = 0.02) of mobility problems could be attributed to the combination of open system (OS) and Human Relations (HR) cultural dimensions, i.e., an organizational culture being dominated by flexibility. Conclusions: The results from the present study tentatively indicated an association between an organizational culture and patients' health related quality of life 3 months after discharge. Even if the current understanding of organizational culture, which is dominated by flexibility, is considered favourable when implementing a new health care model, our results showed that it could be hindering instead of helping the new health care model in achieving its objectives.
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| 5. |
- Alwin, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Societal costs of informal care of community-dwelling frail elderly people
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:4, s. 433-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of this study are to describe informal care activities and to estimate the societal cost of informal care of community-dwelling frail elderly people in Sweden. Methods: This study was performed within the frame of the TREEE project that included 408 frail elderly patients. At index hospitalisation (baseline), primary informal caregivers of the patients were provided with a questionnaire on informal care during a period of three months. Questions concerning other (secondary) informal caregivers were also included. A rough estimate of the total cost of informal care of frail elderly people in Sweden was obtained by combining data from this study with published data and official statistics. Results: In total, 176 informal caregivers responded, and 89% had provided informal care. The informal caregivers (primary and secondary) provided care for an average of 245 hours over three months. Taking care of the home was the dominating activity. In total, the mean cost of informal care was estimated to approximately 18,000 SEK (euro1878) over three months, corresponding to an annual cost of approximately 72,000 SEK (euro7477) per frail elderly person. The total annual societal costs of informal care of community dwelling frail elderly people aged 75 years and older in Sweden was estimated to be approximately 11,000 million SEK (euro1150 million). Conclusions: The care of frail elderly people provided by informal caregivers is extensive and represents a great economic value. Although our calculations are associated with uncertainty, the size indicates that supporting informal caregivers should be a priority for society.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Predictions by early indicators of the time and height of the peaks of yearly influenza outbreaks in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:5, s. 475-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Methods for prediction of the peak of the influenza from early observations are suggested. These predictions can be used for planning purposes. Methods: In this study, new robust methods are described and applied to weekly Swedish data on influenza-like illness (ILI) and weekly laboratory diagnoses of influenza (LDI). Both simple and advanced rules for how to predict the time and height of the peak of LDI are suggested. The predictions are made using covariates calculated from data in early LDI reports. The simple rules are based on the observed LDI values, while the advanced ones are based on smoothing by unimodal regression. The suggested predictors were evaluated by cross-validation and by application to the observed seasons. Results: The relationship between ILI and LDI was investigated, and it was found that the ILI variable is not a good proxy for the LDI variable. The advanced prediction rule regarding the time of the peak of LDI had a median error of 0.9 weeks, and the advanced prediction rule for the height of the peak had a median deviation of 28%. Conclusions: The statistical methods for predictions have practical usefulness.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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The outcome of two-step blood pressure screening in dental healthcare
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:6, s. 623-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a two-step screening method for hypertension in dentistry regarding the number needed to screen (NNS) and positive predictive value (PPV) and to risk-classify those with newly diagnosed hypertension. Methods: In connection with their regular dental care check-up, 2025 subjects aged 40-75 years were screened for high blood pressure. Via a health questionnaire, data were collected concerning risk factors. Blood pressure was screened comprehensively in two steps, which included screening in a dental clinic and home measurements for one week. Recently discovered hypertensive participants were assessed for 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality according to the guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Results: A total of 170 new hypertensive participants were found (NNS = 12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11-13). The method yielded a PPV of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68-0.78) and eliminated 84.8% of the false-positive participants. The results also showed that based on ESH/ESC risk estimation, 76.5% of those newly diagnosed hypertensive participants had a moderate or high risk of cardiovascular mortality within 10 years. Conclusions: The study shows that a two-step method for blood pressure screening in a dental setting including home measurement resulted in a high PPV and eliminated most of those with a false high blood pressure reading. The findings also show that two-step screening for hypertension is feasible in a larger population with more screening providers involved.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Karolina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Physicians' opinions and experiences of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Reform.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:6, s. 654-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate opinions on and experiences of the new Pharmaceutical Benefits Reform (PBR) among physicians working in the Swedish county council of Region Västra Götaland.
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| 9. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort differences in personality in middle-aged women during a 36-year period. Results from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:5, s. 457-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate secular trends in personality traits in adult female populations. METHODS: Two representative, population-based cohorts of women, 38 (n = 318) and 50 (n = 593) years of age participated in a health examination in 1968 and 2004 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS) were used to measure personality traits. Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables (personal income, education, marital status, children at home, physical activity and smoking) were reported. RESULTS: In both age groups, secular comparisons in psychological profile subscales showed an increase in dominance, exhibition, aggression and achievement. Only small divergences were seen concerning affiliation, guilt feelings, nurturance and succorance. EPI showed a corresponding rise in extroversion. Social data showed a statistically significant increase in percentage of unmarried women, personal income levels, and higher educational achievement. While around 70% of women in 1968-69 had elementary school education only, around 90% had high school or university education in 2004-05. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate major transitions in the adult Swedish female population in the direction of a more stereotypically ''male'' personality profile, but not at the expense of traditionally socially important female traits, which remained constant. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that society and the environment influence personality.
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| 10. |
- Arnarsson, Arsaell, et al.
(författare)
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Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:5, s. 502-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Author(s) 2019. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other. Methods: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries. Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied. Conclusions: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.
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