| 1. |
- Brew, Bronwyn K., et al.
(författare)
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Using fathers as a negative control exposure to test the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis : A case study on maternal distress and offspring asthma using Swedish register data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - Stockholm : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:17, s. 36-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis (DOHaD) studies are often observational in nature and are therefore prone to biases from loss to follow-up and unmeasured confounding. Register-based studies can reduce these issues since they allow almost complete follow-up and provide information on fathers that can be used in a negative control analysis to assess the impact of unmeasured confounding.Aim: The aim of this study was to propose a causal model for testing DOHaD using paternal exposure as a negative control, and its application to maternal distress in pregnancy and offspring asthma.Methods: A causal diagram including shared and parent-specific measured and unmeasured confounders for maternal (fetal) and paternal exposures is proposed. The case study consisted of all children born in Sweden from July 2006 to December 2008 (n=254,150). Information about childhood asthma, parental distress and covariates was obtained from the Swedish national health registers. Associations between maternal and paternal distress during pregnancy and offspring asthma at age five years were assessed separately and with mutual adjustment for the other parent's distress measure, as well as for shared confounders.Results: Maternal distress during pregnancy was associated with offspring asthma risk; mutually adjusted odds ratio (OR) (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.23, 1.43). The mutually adjusted paternal distress-offspring asthma analysis (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97, 1.13) indicated no evidence for unmeasured confounding shared by the mother and father.Conclusions: Using paternal exposure in a negative control model to test the robustness of fetal programming hypotheses can be a relatively simple extension of conventional observational studies but limitations need to be considered.
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| 2. |
- Baxter, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 : Opportunities for interdisciplinary research to improve care for older people in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:1, s. 29-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of COVID-19 has changed the world as we know it, arguably none more so than for older people. In Sweden, the majority of COVID-19-related fatalities have been among people aged ⩾70 years, many of whom were receiving health and social care services. The pandemic has illuminated aspects within the care continuum requiring evaluative research, such as decision-making processes, the structure and organisation of care, and interventions within the complex public-health system. This short communication highlights several key areas for future interdisciplinary and multi-sectorial collaboration to improve health and social care services in Sweden. It also underlines that a valid, reliable and experiential evidence base is the sine qua non for evaluative research and effective public-health systems.
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| 3. |
- Broberg, Gudrun, et al.
(författare)
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Attending cervical cancer screening, opportunities and obstacles : a qualitative study on midwives' experiences telephoning non-attendees in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:7, s. 691-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Aspart of a research project aimed at increasing participation in the cervical cancer screening program (CCS), we explored midwives’ unique experiences of telephoning non-attendees and offering Pap smear appointments.Methods: Twenty midwives, in four focus groups, discussed their experiences of a study investigating ways to increase participation in the CCS. The group discussions were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim and underwent qualitative content analysis.Results: Speaking with more than 1000 non-attendees provided the midwives with new perspective on the CCS and they realisedthat improving it might address a number of reasons for not participating. These reasons were often related to logistics, such as scheduling flexibility and appointment booking. The telephone conversations revealed that some women required more individual attention, while it was discovered that others did not require screening. The midwives considered the CCS to be life-saving; participating in this screening activity gave them a sense of satisfaction and pride.Conclusions: This study shows that midwives can improve access and prevent non-attendance at the cervical cancer screening program when they are aware of women’s varying requirements for attending screening.
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| 4. |
- Danermark, Berth, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Hearing and vision : health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2012. Chapter 17
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London, United Kingdom : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 40:suppl9, s. 287-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over a million people in Sweden have difficulty hearing what is said in a conversation between several people. Almost twice as many young people today consider themselves hard of hearing than was the case 10 years ago. However, this self-reported increase has not been confirmed by studies of hearing loss.At least 10,000 deaf and hearing-impaired people are under the age of 20. In most cases, their hearing impairments are the result of hereditary factors. People who have impaired hearing report having worse health than those with normal hearing. This is particularly true of younger, actively employed people.Many people who are hard of hearing suffer unnecessarily because they lack the hearing-aid devices they need. Almost half the people who would benefit from a hearing aid do not have one. Only a quarter of hearing-impaired people use other assistive listening devices, such as amplified sound in telephones and doorbells.One in every two Swedes over the age of 16 needs glasses to read plain text in a daily newspaper. One per cent of the population is unable to read text in a daily newspaper with or without glasses to help them. It is slightly less common today than 10 years ago for older women to have impaired vision. This is probably because cataracts, the most common cause of impaired vision, are operable. Most people given cataract surgery regain very good vision.The most common cause of blindness in older people is age-related degeneration of the macula lutea. The treatment currently available is only effective with a small group of people among those who suffer from acute problems. Strabism can result in vision impairment if not treated early. Child healthcare centres and schools offer screening procedures for detecting strabism. As a result, the percentage of people in the population with this condition has declined to just under 2 per cent.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Charli C-G, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Academic practice-policy partnerships for health promotion research : experiences from three research programs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:15 Suppl, s. 88-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The development of knowledge for health promotion requires an effective mechanism for collaboration between academics, practitioners, and policymakers. The challenge is better to understand the dynamic and ever-changing context of the researcher-practitioner-policymaker-community relationship.AIMS: The aims were to explore the factors that foster Academic Practice Policy (APP) partnerships, and to systematically and transparently to review three cases.METHODS: Three partnerships were included: Power and Commitment-Alcohol and Drug Prevention by Non-Governmental Organizations in Sweden; Healthy City-Social Inclusion, Urban Governance, and Sustainable Welfare Development; and Empowering Families with Teenagers-Ideals and Reality in Karlskoga and Degerfors. The analysis includes searching for evidence for three hypotheses concerning contextual factors in multi-stakeholder collaboration, and the cumulative effects of partnership synergy.RESULTS: APP partnerships emerge during different phases of research and development. Contextual factors are important; researchers need to be trusted by practitioners and politicians. During planning, it is important to involve the relevant partners. During the implementation phase, time is important. During data collection and capacity building, it is important to have shared objectives for and dialogues about research. Finally, dissemination needs to be integrated into any partnership. The links between process and outcomes in participatory research (PR) can be described by the theory of partnership synergy, which includes consideration of how PR can ensure culturally and logistically appropriate research, enhance recruitment capacity, and generate professional capacity and competence in stakeholder groups. Moreover, there are PR synergies over time.CONCLUSIONS: The fundamentals of a genuine partnership are communication, collaboration, shared visions, and willingness of all stakeholders to learn from one another
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Ingela, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure-time youth centres as health-promoting settings : Experiences from multicultural neighbourhoods in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:Suppl. 20, s. 72-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this paper is to advocate for the importance of meaningful leisure time for young people from a health promotion perspective using experiences from two youth centres in multicultural neighbourhoods in Sweden. Methods: In this practice-based study, data were collected between 2012 and 2014 at two youth centres in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden using surveys with 12- to 16-year-old adolescents (n = 207), seven individual interviews with staff and three cooperation partners in the neighbourhoods, and six group interviews with adolescents (50% girls). Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods were used for analysis. Results: As part of the youth centres’ strategies, they are open and inclusive, foster supportive relationships, emphasise youth empowerment, and integrate family, school and community in their work. The youth centres are health-promoting settings with regard to four of the action areas in the Ottawa Charter: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community actions and develop personal skills.Conclusions: There is a need for a variety and a combination of various structured and unstructured leisure-time activities because young people’s background and life situation plays a role for their participation in leisure time activities. We conclude that youth centres are well placed to be or to become health-promoting settings if the activities takes place in a structured environment.
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| 7. |
- Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The youth sports club as a health-promoting setting : an integrative review of research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London, United Kinfdom : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 41:3, s. 269-283
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of this review is to compile and identify key issues in international research about youth sports clubs as health-promoting settings, and then discuss the results of the review in terms of a framework for the youth sports club as a health-promoting setting.Methods: The framework guiding this review of research is the health-promoting settings approach introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO). The method used is the integrated review. Inclusion criteria were, first, that the studies concerned sports clubs for young people, not professional clubs; second, that it be a question of voluntary participation in some sort of ongoing organized athletics outside of the regular school curricula; third, that the studies consider issues about youth sports clubs in terms of health-promoting settings as described by WHO. The final sample for the review consists of 44 publications.Results: The review shows that youth sports clubs have plentiful opportunities to be or become health-promoting settings; however this is not something that happens automatically. To do so, the club needs to include an emphasis on certain important elements in its strategies and daily practices. The youth sports club needs to be a supportive and healthy environment with activities designed for and adapted to the specific age-group or stage of development of the youth. Conclusions: To become a health-promoting setting, a youth sports club needs to take a comprehensive approach to its activities, aims, and purposes.
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| 8. |
- Hagquist, Curt, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking habits before and after the introduction of a minimum-age law for tobacco purchase : analysis of data on adolescents from three regions of Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:4, s. 373-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse changes in smoking habits among adolescents in three regions of Sweden following the introduction in 1997 of a law prohibiting sales of tobacco to persons under 18 years: the minimum-age law. Methods: The analysis is based on data collected among adolescents in compulsory school years 7 and 9 (about 13-14 and 15-16 years respectively), in 1996, 2000, and 2005, in three regions of Sweden. The samples comprise 43,857 students who completed a self-administered questionnaire anonymously in the classroom. The data were subjected to contingency-table analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results: The rates of smoking among students in year 9 were significantly lower in 2005 than in 1996 in two regions and unchanged in one region. This pattern held even after control for sex, parents' smoking habits, and academic orientation. In year 7 there were no changes over time (boys) or any clear pattern (girls). Conclusions: Based on outcomes from test purchases of tobacco products that were carried out in parallel to the collection of the questionnaire data, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the regional differences described may at least in part be due to differences in the availability of cigarettes. In 2005 it was significantly easier for adolescents to purchase tobacco products at retailers in the city of Malmo than at those in the counties of Varmland and Vasternorrland.
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| 9. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Flawed communications: Health professionals' experience of collaboration in the care of frail elderly patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:7, s. 680-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Frail elderly patients who have multiple illnesses do not fare well in modern health care systems, mainly due to a lack of care planning and flawed communication between health professionals in different care organisations. This is especially noticeable when patients are discharged from hospital. The aim of this study was to explore health care professionals' experience of obstacles and opportunities for collaboration. Methods: Health professionals were invited to participate in three focus groups, each consisting of a hospital physician, a primary care physician, a hospital nurse, a primary care nurse, a municipal home care nurse or an assistant officer, a physical or occupational therapist and a patient or a family member representative. These individual people were then asked to discuss the obstacles and opportunities for communication between themselves and with the patients and their relatives when presented with the case report of a fictitious patient. Content analysis was used to identify categories. Results: Several obstacles were identified for effective communication and care planning: insufficient communication with patients and relatives; delayed collaboration between care-givers; the lack of an adequate responsible person for care planning; and resources not being distributed according to the actual needs of patients. The absence of an overarching responsibility for the patient, beyond organisational borders, was a recurring theme. These obstacles could also be seen as opportunities. Conclusions: Obstacles for collaboration were found on three levels: societal, organisational and individual. As health care professionals are well aware of the problems and also see solutions, management for health care should support employees' own initiatives for changes that are of benefit in the care of frail elderly patients with multiple illnesses.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Working together--primary care doctors' and nurses' attitudes to collaboration.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:1, s. 78-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multidisciplinary teamwork is recommended for various disorders and it has been suggested that it is a way to meet the new challenges and demands facing general practitioners (GPs) in modern society. Attempts to introduce the method in primary care have failed partly due to GPs' unwillingness to participate. The aim of this study was to measure attitudes towards collaboration among GPs and district nurses (DN) and to investigate whether there is a correlation between a positive attitude toward collaboration and high self-esteem in the professional role.
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