| 1. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Caudate nucleus dopamine D-2 receptors in vascular dementia
- 2002
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 14:1, s. 22-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caudate nucleus dopamine (DA) D-2 receptors were studied in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and in a control group using [H-3]raclopride as a radioligand. There was no significant difference in the number of DA D-2 receptors in the VaD group as compared with controls. The binding affinity was significantly lower in the VaD group. When the VaD group was subdivided into subjects with or without neuroleptic treatment, there were no differences in the numbers of receptors as compared with controls, and the significant differences in binding affinity remained for both VaD subgroups. The present results are. discussed with reference to the previous finding of a reduced density of caudate nucleus DA uptake sites in the same VaD group and to results from studies on DA D-2 receptors in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Maria A, et al.
(författare)
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Electroencephalogram variability in dementia with lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease and controls.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 26:3, s. 284-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIM: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is probably still underdiagnosed in the clinical setting. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between fluctuations in attention and electroencephalogram (EEG) measures. Since fluctuation in attention is a core symptom of DLB, we sought to further explore whether EEG measures could help differentiate DLB from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls. METHODS: The EEGs of 20 patients with DLB, 64 patients with AD and 54 elderly controls were assessed in regard to frequencies, coherence, and variability. RESULTS: Greater variability was seen in delta-band power over 2-second intervals in parietal electrodes of DLB patients. The DLB group had a higher degree of overall coherence in the delta band and a lower degree of overall coherence in the alpha band than the other groups. Finally, EEG measures could distinguish DLB patients from AD patients and controls with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging between 0.75 and 0.80 and between 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the difference in variability may be associated with the fluctuating cognition seen in DLB. This might have clinical implications as guidance in the diagnosis of DLB. The EEG analysis is simple enough to be possible to apply in clinical practice.
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| 3. |
- Andin, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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A Clinico-Pathological Study of Heart and Brain Lesions in Vascular Dementia.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 19:4, s. 222-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All vascular dementia (VaD) cases, neuropathologically verified in a longitudinal prospective dementia project, were classified according to the vascular brain lesion type and related to the dementia type and cardiovascular pathology. From 1976 to 1995, there were 175 VaD cases, 49 of which were pure, without Alzheimer pathology and only one type of cerebrovascular lesion. Furthermore, it was found that 6 cases suffered hypoxic hypoperfusive disease, while 7 were found to have large vessel disease and 36 small vessel disease. In addition to Alzheimer pathology, more than one type of vascular brain pathology was found in the remaining 126 cases. In these cases, diagnosed in accordance with the predominant type of VaD, hypoxic-hypoperfusive lesions were found in 55, large vessel lesions in 50 and small vessel lesions in 110 cases. It should be stressed that 87% of all cases with hypoxic hypoperfusive lesions also had Alzheimer pathology. Cardiovascular and aortic pathologies were more prevalent in small vessel dementia than in the other VaD groups. Clinically diagnosed arterial hypertension was significantly associated with small vessel dementia, but not with hypoxic-hypoperfusive dementia. Cardiovascular symptoms varied considerably in frequency between different dementia groups. VaD is a heterogeneous group regarding lesions caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms and with different combinations of brain pathologies. It is therefore necessary to identify the various types of vascular brain lesions for a correlation with clinical symptoms and for diagnostic purposes in the search for risk factors and therapeutic strategies.
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| 4. |
- Attner, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Low Cancer Rates among Patients with Dementia in a Population-Based Register Study in Sweden.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 30:1, s. 39-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some studies have suggested a lower incidence of cancer in patients with dementia. We studied this further for 18 cancer types in population-based registers. Methods: In 19,756 cases and in 147,324 age- and sex-matched controls a diagnosis of dementia was studied 9-45 months prior to the diagnosis of cancer. Results: Overall a diagnosis of dementia was significantly less common among the cancer cases (risk ratio, RR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.52-0.69). Conclusion: The study confirms previous findings that patients with dementia have a lower risk of cancer. Because the effect was seen for all tumour types and especially for patients older than 70 years and since the deficit was more pronounced for patients with tumours situated within the body, the data suggest that malignancies are underdiagnosed for persons with dementia.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Boström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid total tau is associated with shorter survival in dementia with Lewy bodies.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 28:4, s. 314-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pathology typical of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been demonstrated to increase mortality to a greater extent than the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mortality in DLB has also been shown to increase with concomitant AD pathology. Furthermore, in a recent publication, we showed that there is a robust and specific increase in CSF calcium and magnesium in DLB patients compared to both AD patients and controls. Thus, in order to explore the influence of CSF AD markers and trace element concentrations on mortality in DLB, we undertook a longitudinal prospective study of 47 clinically diagnosed DLB patients and 157 AD patients as well as 49 healthy volunteers. Both AD and DLB patients showed an increased mortality compared to the healthy controls (relative risk: 10 and 8, respectively; p < 0.001). Increased levels of CSF total tau were associated with increased mortality among the DLB patients (p < 0.05), but not among the AD patients or controls. Gender, age, MMSE score, Abeta42 concentration and phosphorylated tau, and CSF trace element concentrations did not influence survival in the obtained models.
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| 7. |
- Bramell-Risberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Lower Gait Speed in Older Women with Dementia Compared with Controls.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 20:5, s. 298-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Movement time is increased in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. <i>Objectives:</i> To study differences in movement time and ability to increase speed in older women with dementia. <i>Methods:</i> Four tests were performed at self-selected and maximal speed: walking 2 ×15 m, walking between parallel lines, ‘get up and go’ (GUG) and rising from lying supine. Twenty-two patients and 22 controls (mean ages 81 and 86 years, respectively) were included in the study. <i>Results:</i> In the groups over 80 years, walking and GUG at both speeds and rising from lying supine from the left at self-selected speed were significantly slower among patients (20–30%). Both patients and controls were able to increase movement speed when changing from self-selected to maximal speed (13–27%). Patients with Alzheimer’s disease had lower self-selected walking speed compared with patients with other types of dementia (p = 0.048). <i>Conclusion:</i> Testing physical performance in two different speeds was feasible in patients with dementia. Patients had slower gait speed and were slower in the functional tests, such as GUG, but the capacity to increase speed seemed intact.
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| 8. |
- Bramell-Risberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Slowing of Alternating Forearm Movements Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older People.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 29:5, s. 457-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Motor impairment is an important aspect of cognitive decline in older adults. It has been suggested that complex motor control is affected earlier than gross motor control. The aims were to investigate if complex hand motor function was more affected than gross motor function in cognitively impaired older subjects, and to present reference values. Methods: Alternating forearm movements and grip strength were studied in 301 cases, 419 intermediates and 1,207 controls, aged 60-93 years, controlling for demographic, health-related and functional factors and comorbidity. Global cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, and episodic memory by 3-word delayed recall. Grip strength was assessed by the Grippit(R). The frequency of alternating movements during 10 s was registered electronically. Results: Alternating movements but not grip strength was associated with cognitive impairment (right: p = 0.006; left: p = 0.022). The mean alternating movements for the 70-year-old male cases compared to the controls were 2.3 versus 2.5 Hz for the right, and 2.2 versus 2.4 Hz for the left arm (p < 0.05), and for the 60-year-old women 2.0 versus 2.3 Hz for the right arm (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Complex but not gross hand motor function is associated with early cognitive impairment.
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| 9. |
- Brown, J, et al.
(författare)
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Frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 3
- 2004
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 17:4, s. 274-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large pedigree with autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia has been identified. Positional cloning has linked the disease gene to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 3. Clinical, neuropsychological, imaging, pathological and molecular genetic data are presented. The genetic mutation responsible for the disease has not been identified.
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| 10. |
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