| 1. |
- Berendsen, A. A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Adherence to a Healthy Diet with Cognitive Decline in European and American Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis within the CHANCES Consortium
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 43:3-4, s. 215-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine the association between a healthy diet, assessed by the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), and cognitive decline in older adults. Methods: Data from 21,837 participants aged >= 55 years from 3 cohorts (Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly, a Concerted Action [SENECA], Rotterdam Study [RS], Nurses' Health Study [NHS]) were analyzed. HDI scores were based on intakes of saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, mono-and disaccharides, protein, cholesterol, fruits and vegetables, and fiber. The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status in NHS and Mini-Mental State Examination in RS and SENECA were used to assess cognitive function from multiple repeated measures. Using multivariable-adjusted, mixed linear regression, mean differences in annual rates of cognitive decline by HDI quintiles were estimated. Results: Multivariable-adjusted differences in rates in the highest versus the lowest HDI quintile were 0.01 (95% CI -0.01, 0.02) in NHS, 0.00 (95% CI -0.02, 0.01) in RS, and 0.00 (95% CI -0.05, 0.05) in SENECA with a pooled estimate of 0.00 (95% CI -0.01, 0.01), I-2 = 0%. Conclusions: A higher HDI score was not related to reduced rates of cognitive decline in European and American older adults. (C) 2017 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 2. |
- Kramberger, Milica Gregoric, et al.
(författare)
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Association between EEG abnormalities and CSF biomarkers in a memory clinic cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 36:5-6, s. 319-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of the study was to describe distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) phenotypes defined after routine visual EEG analysis in a large memory clinic cohort and to investigate their relationship to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Methods: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 131), mild cognitive impairment (n = 285), subjective cognitive impairment (n = 310), and mixed dementia (n = 29) were assessed clinically with neuroimaging, EEG and CSF investigations. EEG phenotypes were based on frequency of background activity (BA) and presence and degree of episodic abnormalities (EA). Results: BA and EA differed significantly (p < 0.001) between diagnostic groups. A lower CSF amyloid β42/phospho-tau ratio and higher total tau were associated with slower BA (p < 0.01) and a higher degree of EA (p < 0.04). Conclusions: Slowing of BA in combination with EA seems to be related to biological markers of neurodegeneration
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| 3. |
- Gräsbeck, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia. A Family History Study.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 19:2-3, s. 145-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have found a clustering of dementia in relatives of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study analysed the familial aggregation of FTD specifically as well as the occurrence of dementia in general in first-degree relatives of patients with FTD. A family history study was carried out on 478 first-degree relatives of 74 index patients suffering from FTD. Cases of organic dementia and of FTD were diagnosed according to internationally accepted diagnostic criteria. Age- and sex-specific incidences of organic dementia and of FTD were calculated as was the proportion of FTD in relation to organic dementia in general; comparisons with clinical and population studies were made. There was a tenfold increase in the incidence of FTD in the first-degree relatives of FTD patients compared with the incidence of FTD in a population study. The proportion of FTD in relation to all types of organic dementia was much higher in relatives of FTD patients compared to the corresponding proportions in clinical and population-based studies. There was a small, non-significant difference between the present family history study and the population studies as regards the incidence of organic dementia. The findings suggest that hereditary and/or shared environmental factors are strongly involved in the aetiology of FTD. There were no indications of familial clustering of organic dementia in general in relatives of FTD patients.
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| 4. |
- Gustafson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
- 1997
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 8:4, s. 240-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and microvacuolization, although with different distributions of cortical involvement. In contrast to AD there is no amyloid, senile plaques or tangles in FTD. The involvement of chromosome 19 in AD has been associated with apoliprotein E (ApoE) and the epsi4 gene frequency has been related to increased risk and early onset of AD. Our analysis of frequency of the ApoE alleles in 38 patients with AD, 21 patients with FTD and 29 normal controls indicates an association of both AD and FTD with an increased frequency of the epsi4 allele and in AD also with homozygosity for epsi4. Our results might indicate that ApoE epsi4 is an important aggravating and pathoplastic factor in the presence of genetic and other determinants for the development of AD or FTD. A significantly higher epsi2 frequency in our FTD material compared to AD and normals might also indicate a connection with the distribution of cortical degeneration.
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| 5. |
- Lind, Karin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Increased saliva cortisol awakening response in patients with mild cognitive impairment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 24:5, s. 389-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> It is unknown whether HPA-axis dysfunction is present in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cortisol levels are elevated among patients with MCI and/or whether the individuals have adequate feedback control of their HPA axis. <i>Material and Methods:</i> 27 patients with MCI and 15 healthy controls were included in the study. Saliva samplings were performed 5 times a day before intake of 0.5 mg dexamethasone, and 5 times a day after intake of dexamethasone, respectively. <i>Results:</i> Significantly higher cortisol levels were found 15 min after awakening among patients with MCI in comparison with the controls, both before and after dexamethasone administration (p < 0.05). Also, the ratio between cortisol at awakening time and 15 min after awakening was lower in the patient group after dexamethasone administration (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in basal cortisol levels before or after dexamethasone between groups. <i>Conclusion:</i> The results indicate that there is an HPA-axis disturbance, with normal basal cortisol levels and increased awakening response among patients with MCI. The dissociation between basal values and the awakening response may be of pathophysiological importance for the cognitive impairment.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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C-reactive protein: vascular risk marker in elderly patients with mental illness.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 26:3, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that vascular disease contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia. Clarification of the role of vascular risk factors in dementia is important because most are modifiable, in contrast to other risk factors such as age and genetics. METHODS: In 428 patients with mental illness we have investigated the relation of vascular disease to diagnoses, and a biochemical parameter, C-reactive protein (CRP), which is associated with inflammation and vascular disease. RESULTS: Patients with vascular disease showed higher CRP levels than patients without vascular disease. Furthermore, patients with Alzheimer's disease showed lower CRP levels than patients with vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment or depression. There is no obvious reason for this finding, since it could not be attributed to drug treatment. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the control of conventional vascular risk factors and therapy could be guided by the level of CRP.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Association between plasma homocysteine levels and mortality in elderly patients with mental illness.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 27:6, s. 579-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/METHOD: Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is elevated in elderly patients with mental illness. Plasma tHcy is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease, renal impairment and negative lifestyle factors, and has been shown to predict mortality in human subjects. Epidemiological data on this topic in elderly patients with mental illness are missing. We therefore investigated the association between plasma tHcy levels and mortality in these patients. RESULTS: The group of deceased patients showed higher age, higher plasma tHcy, lower renal function and lower serum folate than patients who were still alive. Only age, plasma tHcy and the presence of vascular disease significantly influenced mortality. CONCLUSION: The association between plasma tHcy level and mortality risk was probably explained in part by the two plasma tHcy determinants age and presence of vascular disease. The determination of plasma tHcy in elderly patients with mental illness may help to identify patients in need of more intensive treatment.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated plasma homocysteine concentration in elderly patients with mental illness is mainly related to the presence of vascular disease and not the diagnosis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 24:3, s. 162-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is often elevated in patients with mental illness. Since patients with mental illness and vascular disease exhibit a higher plasma tHcy concentration than patients without vascular disease, it is possible that elevated plasma tHcy in mental illness is mainly due to concomitant vascular disease. Methods: We have investigated plasma tHcy, cobalamin/folate status, renal function and the presence of vascular disease in patients with vascular dementia (VaD, n = 501), Alzheimer's disease ( AD, n = 300), depression ( n = 259) and in healthy subjects ( n = 144) stratified according to age ( below and above 75 years). Results: Plasma tHcy concentration showed the highest increase in patients with VaD compared to patients with AD or depression. After the exclusion of patients with cobalamin/ folate deficiencies and increased serum creatinine, patients with AD or depression above 75 years with vascular disease showed a similar elevation of plasma tHcy concentration as patients with VaD. Furthermore, patients with AD and depression without vascular disease showed a similar plasma tHcy concentration to healthy subjects. Conclusion: The findings imply that elevated plasma tHcy concentration in elderly patients with mental illness is mainly associated with the presence of vascular disease and is not related to the specific psychogeriatric diagnosis.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Homocysteine, cystatin C and N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic Peptide. Vascular risk markers in elderly patients with mental illness.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 25:1, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that vascular disease contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia. Clarification of the role of vascular risk factors in dementia is important because most are modifiable, in contrast to other risk factors such as age and genetics. METHODS: In 451 patients with mental illness we have investigated three biochemical markers related to vascular disease, total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), cystatin C, and N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and their association with vascular disease, diagnoses, and brain imaging findings (CT). RESULTS: Plasma tHcy, serum cystatin C, and serum NT-proBNP showed significantly increased frequencies of elevated levels in patients with vascular disease, in patients with a pathological CT finding indicating cerebrovascular disease, and in patients above 75 years of age. CONCLUSION: It is possible that the control of conventional vascular risk factors and therapy could be guided by the level of plasma tHcy, serum cystatin C, and serum NT-proBNP. Patients with an elevation of any of these three parameters could be selected for a lower target level of risk factors such as blood pressure, hyperlipidemia etc. than conventional target levels.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Homocysteine and Cognition in Elderly Patients with Dementia or Other Psychogeriatric Diseases.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 30:3, s. 198-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is elevated in elderly patients with mental illness, and patients with vascular disease have higher plasma tHcy concentrations than patients without vascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that vascular risk factors play a role in the development of cognitive impairment. Method: We have investigated the relation between plasma tHcy, its determinants and cognition, measured as MMSE, in 448 consecutively enrolled patients with dementia or other psychogeriatric diseases. Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that plasma tHcy was related to cognitive function in all patients as well as in demented and non-demented patients. The apparent close relationship between plasma tHcy and cognition was mainly dependent on its determinant age, whereas the other determinants of plasma tHcy exhibited a limited influence on the relation between plasma tHcy and cognition. Plasma tHcy has its own, albeit modest, relationship to cognitive function (predictive value about 5%). Conclusion: Plasma tHcy itself seems to play a minor role in cognitive impairment in patients with dementia or other psychogeriatric diseases. When investigating the relation between plasma tHcy and cognition, it is important to consider the distribution of the main determinants of plasma tHcy and to correct plasma tHcy for these variables.
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