| 1. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(author)
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Caudate nucleus dopamine D-2 receptors in vascular dementia
- 2002
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 14:1, s. 22-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Caudate nucleus dopamine (DA) D-2 receptors were studied in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and in a control group using [H-3]raclopride as a radioligand. There was no significant difference in the number of DA D-2 receptors in the VaD group as compared with controls. The binding affinity was significantly lower in the VaD group. When the VaD group was subdivided into subjects with or without neuroleptic treatment, there were no differences in the numbers of receptors as compared with controls, and the significant differences in binding affinity remained for both VaD subgroups. The present results are. discussed with reference to the previous finding of a reduced density of caudate nucleus DA uptake sites in the same VaD group and to results from studies on DA D-2 receptors in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 2. |
- Andin, Josefine, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Rivastigmine as a Modulator of the Neuronal Glutamate Transporter rEAAC1 mRNA Expression
- 2005
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 19:1, s. 18-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the cholinergic, glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems in the neocortex and hippocampus. Today, the major pharmacological treatment involves the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). In this study, an in situ hybridisation technique (using digoxigenin-labelled cRNA probes) was used to elucidate changes in mRNA expression of the neuronal glutamate transporter, rat excitatory amino carrier 1 (rEAAC1), after treatment with the AChEI rivastigmine. Compared with saline-treated rats, the rats subchronically (3 days) and chronically (21 days), but not acutely, treated with rivastigmine showed a significant increase in rEAAC1 mRNA expression in the hippocampal areas cornu anterior 1 (CA1), CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus (p < 0.01), but not in the cortical areas. These results provide the first evidence that the glutamatergic system is modulated following acetylcholinesterase inhibition by rivastigmine, a finding, which is likely to be of importance for the clinical effects.
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| 3. |
- Garcia, J., et al.
(author)
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Association of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor polymorphism in dementia
- 2006
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 22:5-6, s. 439-444
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an increasing interest in how oxidative stress can cause cells to go into apoptosis in both normal ageing and in neurodegenerative disorders. Previous research has implicated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as being involved in the pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by protecting the neurons through reducing neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress. IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) polymorphisms alter cerebral and systemic levels of IGF-1 and may alter the function of the receptor. We genotyped the IGF-1R gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to assess whether this gene polymorphism can be linked to dementia. We used leukocyte DNA from 72 patients with AD, 75 patients with vascular dementia (VaD), 14 patients with mixed dementia (AD+VaD), and a control group consisting of 209 individuals without a history of progressive neurological disorders. Analysis of gene frequency for gender revealed a significant difference between female VaD patients and female controls carrying at least one A allele (OR = 1.8, CI 95% 1.1-2.9, p = 0.02), but not for male patients. In addition, we found a strong tendency to a difference between all cases of female dementia patients and controls carrying the A allele (OR = 1.5, CI 95% 0.99-2.2, p = 0.054). Our results suggest that the A allele of IGF-1R may be involved in the pathogenesis of VaD in females. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Recognition memory in Alzheimer's disease : A demonstration of a remarkable memory capacity in Alzheimer's disease
- 2003
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A compelling feature of human memory is its striking capacity. Under certain circumstances, subjects can remember large amounts of information even with brief exposure at study. This investigation shows that this ability is preserved even in severely impaired Alzheimer's disease patients, and this holds implications for the clinical management of amnesic patients. To this date, demonstrations of preserved learning and memory capacity in Alzheimer's disease and amnesia have been confined to implicit memory tasks. Since the present results were obtained in an explicit memory task, the finding also holds implications for the understanding of amnesia. Copyright © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nutu, Magdalena, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β1-42/Amyloid-β1-40 Ratio Measured by Alpha-LISA to Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease from Other Dementia Disorders.
- 2013
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In: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 36:1-2, s. 99-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The well-established core biomarkers used to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) overlap with other dementia disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). This study aimed to evaluate whether the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, measured by a novel method, could improve the differential diagnosis of AD, DLB and PDD. Method: CSF levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in patients with PDD, DLB, AD, Parkinson's disease and controls were analyzed using an amplified luminescent proximity homogenous immunoassay along with conventional immunoassays. Results: The CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio increased discrimination of AD from PDD and DLB compared with either of the two Aβ biomarkers individually. Conclusion: The use of the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio could improve the differentiation of AD from PDD and DLB. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 8. |
- Nägga, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Cerebrospinal fluid phospho-tau, total tau and β-amyloid1-42 in the differentiation between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
- 2002
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 14:3-4, s. 183-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The two most frequently examined biomarkers in the diagnosis of dementia are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42). An assay for tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (phospho-tau) has recently been developed. We studied these three markers in patients with possible Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 23), probable AD (n = 50), AD with relevant cerebrovascular disease (AD with CVD; n = 14), possible vascular dementia (VaD; n = 39), probable VaD (n = 36), cognitively impaired (n = 13) and 27 neurologically healthy controls. Compared with the controls, tau levels were significantly increased in possible AD, probable AD, AD with CVD and probable VaD. Aβ1-42 was decreased in all dementia groups compared with the controls. In contrast, phospho-tau levels were increased only in probable AD compared with the controls. From the results of the present study, it is concluded that neither measurement of phospho-tau, tau nor Aβ1-42 in CSF can discriminate entirely between dementia and cognitively non-disturbed controls or between dementia of different aetiologies in the clinical diagnostic procedure.
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| 9. |
- Nägga, Katarina, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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Cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, and gastritis markers in dementia
- 2003
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 16:4, s. 269-275
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of dementia disorders, cobalamin and/or folate deficiency as well as gastritis increases with age. To investigate whether there is an association between these conditions, plasma homocysteine (Hcy), serum methylmalonic acid, serum cobalamin and blood folate concentrations were measured. Gastritis was indirectly diagnosed by measuring serum antibodies against H,K-ATPase, Helicobacter pylori and intrinsic factor, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The studied groups consisted of 47 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 9 with AD pathology in combination with additive vascular lesions, 59 with vascular dementia, 8 who were cognitively impaired, and 101 control cases. Plasma Hcy concentrations were significantly elevated in the dementia groups, with the highest levels in patients with vascular pathology. We conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia is a common finding in patients with dementia disorders of different etiologies. The markers for gastritis did not contribute to an elucidation of a possible connection between this condition, dementia disorders, or cobalamin/folate deficiency.
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| 10. |
- Nägga, Katarina, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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CT brain findings in clinical dementia investigation : underestimation of mixed dementia
- 2004
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 18:1, s. 59-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dementia has been found to display a more heterogeneous clinical picture than previously recognized. We investigated brain changes on computed tomography (CT) in a clinical dementia population consisting of 67 cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 13 with mixed dementia (AD and vascular dementia, VaD), 71 with VaD, and 12 cases that were not demented. Temporal cortical atrophy and atrophy around the temporal horns were more common in patients with mixed dementia compared to patients with VaD and the non-demented, respectively. Frontal white matter changes were present in 64% of AD, in 85% of mixed dementia and in 79% of VaD cases, but there were no differences between the dementia groups. Lacunes were present in almost 40% of AD cases and in 80 and 85% of VaD and mixed dementia cases, respectively. Only 14% of the VaD cases had large infarcts on the CT. We conclude that large infarcts were rare, even in VaD cases. The increased incidence of white matter changes and lacunes in AD patients strongly indicates an underestimation of the mixed dementia diagnosis. More distinct criteria for this diagnostic category are warranted.
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