| 1. |
- Andersson, Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Differential CSF biomarker levels in APOE-epsilon4-positive and -negative patients with memory impairment.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 23:2, s. 87-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationships between episodic memory, APOE genotype, CSF markers (total tau, T-tau; phospho-tau, P-tau; beta-amyloid, Abeta42) and longitudinal cognitive decline. METHODS: 124 memory clinic patients were retrospectively divided into 6 groups based on (i) episodic memory function (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT): severe, moderate or no impairment (SIM, MIM or NIM), and (ii) APOE genotype (epsilon4+ or epsilon4-). CSF marker levels and cognitive decline were compared across groups. RESULTS: Episodic memory function, according to RAVLT scores, was significantly correlated with CSF marker levels only among epsilon4+ subjects and not among epsilon4- subjects. When comparing the 6 subgroups, SIM epsilon4+ and MIM epsilon4+ groups showed significantly lower Abeta42 levels than the other groups. T-tau and P-tau levels were significantly increased in SIM epsilon4+ when compared to all the other groups, including the SIM epsilon4- group. However, both SIM epsilon4+ and SIM epsilon4- declined cognitively during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: It remains to be determined whether APOE genotype affects the expression of biomarkers in CSF, or whether the different biomarker patterns reflect different types of disease processes in patients with progressive cognitive dysfunction.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying patients at high and low risk of cognitive decline using Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test among middle-aged memory clinic outpatients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 21:4, s. 251-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether application of cutoff levels in an episodic memory test (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT) is a useful method for identifying patients at high and low risk of cognitive decline and subsequent dementia. METHODS: 224 patients with memory complaints (mean age = 60.7 years, mean MMSE = 28.2) followed-up at a memory clinic over approximately 3 years were assigned retrospectively to one of three memory groups from their baseline results in RAVLT [severe (SIM), moderate (MIM) or no impairment (NIM)]. These groups were investigated regarding cognitive decline. RESULTS: Patients assigned to SIM showed significant cognitive decline and progressed to dementia at a high rate, while a normal performance in RAVLT at baseline (NIM) predicted normal cognition after 3 years. Patients with MIM constituted a heterogeneous group; some patients deteriorated cognitively, while the majority remained stable or improved. CONCLUSIONS: The application of cutoff levels in RAVLT at baseline showed that patients with severely impaired RAVLT performance were at a high risk of cognitive decline and progression to dementia, while patients with normal RAVLT results did not show cognitive decline during 3 years. Furthermore, the initial degree of memory impairment was decisive in the cognitive prognosis 3 years later.
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| 3. |
- Ausén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Features in Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Mild Cognitive Impairment - Early Indicators of Dementia?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - Basel : Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 28:6, s. 528-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate patterns of personality in patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared to healthy controls. Methods: We assessed24 patients with SCI, 35 patients with MCI and 26 healthy controls with the self-report questionnaire Swedish Universities Scales of Personality measuring aspects of neuroticism/anxiety proneness, extraversion, and aggression-hostility. Results: Patients with SCI and MCI showed significantly more Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety and Stress Susceptibility than healthy controls. Moreover, there was a significant increase in Detachment in patients with MCI and a significant decrease in Adventure Seeking in patients with SCI, relative to healthy controls. Conclusions: Patients with SCI and MCI presented specific patterns of personality alterations with higher scores in traits related to anxiety proneness and aggression-hostility and lower in traits of extraversion. In most subscales differences followed a sequential pattern with gradually increasing scores from healthy controls, to patients with SCI and further to MCI. The groups differed in amount and type of symptoms, suggesting that patterns of personality may be related to degree of cognitive impairment.
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| 4. |
- Ausen, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Self- and Informant Ratings of Personality in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Reviewed
- 2011
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 32:6, s. 387-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To examine the degree of agreement between self-and informant ratings of personality in relation to cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Thirty-two patients and informants with MCI, 23 with SCI and 22 HC completed the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP). Correlations and incongruence between self-and informant ratings were calculated. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. Results: The correlations between self-and and informant ratings were fair-to-moderate on a majority of SSP scales and significant in 44%. The incongruence between patients and informants was significantly larger in MCI than in HC across SSP scales. There was a significant negative correlation between the incongruence index and the MMSE for all subjects. Conclusions: Self-informant agreement on ratings of patients' personality was reasonable. Incongruence between patients and their informants was associated with MCI but not SCI or HC. Disagreement between patients and informants indicates cognitive impairment. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 5. |
- Damian, Marinella, et al.
(författare)
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Single-Domain Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Identified by Cluster Analysis Predicts Alzheimer's Disease in the European Prospective DESCRIPA Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 36:1-2, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: To identify prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects using a data-driven approach to determine cognitive profiles in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total of 881 MCI subjects were recruited from 20 memory clinics and followed for up to 5 years. Outcome measures included cognitive variables, conversion to AD, and biomarkers (e. g. CSF, and MRI markers). Two hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA) were performed to identify clusters of subjects with distinct cognitive profiles. The first HCA included all subjects with complete cognitive data, whereas the second one selected subjects with very mild MCI (MMSE >= 28). ANOVAs and ANCOVAs were computed to examine whether the clusters differed with regard to conversion to AD, and to AD-specific biomarkers. Results: The HCAs identified 4-cluster solutions that best reflected the sample structure. One cluster (aMCIsingle) had a significantly higher conversion rate (19%), compared to subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, p < 0.0001), and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI, p = 0.012). This cluster was the only one showing a significantly different biomarker profile (A beta(42), t-tau, APOE epsilon 4, and medial temporal atrophy), compared to SCI or naMCI. Conclusion: In subjects with mild MCI, the single-domain amnestic MCI profile was associated with the highest risk of conversion, even if memory impairment did not necessarily cross specific cut-off points. A cognitive profile characterized by isolated memory deficits may be sufficient to warrant applying prevention strategies in MCI, whether or not memory performance lies below specific z-scores. This is supported by our preliminary biomarker analyses. However, further analyses with bigger samples are needed to corroborate these findings. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 6. |
- Eriksdotter-Jönhagen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Encapsulated cell biodelivery of nerve growth factor to the Basal forebrain in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 33:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain correlates with cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeted delivery of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) has emerged as a potential AD therapy due to its regenerative effects on the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in AD animal models. Here we report the results of a first-in-man study of encapsulated cell (EC) biodelivery of NGF to the basal forebrain of AD patients with the primary objective to explore safety and tolerability.
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| 7. |
- Norberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Differences in Effects of APOE epsilon 4 on Cognitive Impairment in Non-Demented Subjects
- 2011
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 32:2, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The APOE epsilon 4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE epsilon 4 is common in non-demented subjects with cognitive impairment. In both healthy people and people with AD, its prevalence has a north-south gradient across Europe. In the present study, we investigated whether the relation between the APOE epsilon 4 allele and cognitive impairment varied across Northern, Middle and Southern Europe. We also investigated whether a north-south gradient existed in subjects with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-amnestic MCI. Methods: Data from 16 centers across Europe were analyzed. Results: A north-south gradient in APOE epsilon 4 prevalence existed in the total sample (62.7% for APOE epsilon 4 carriers in the northern region, 42.1% in the middle region, and 31.5% in the southern region) and in subjects with SCI and amnestic MCI separately. Only in Middle Europe was the APOE epsilon 4 allele significantly associated with poor performance on tests of delayed recall and learning, as well as with the amnestic subtype of MCI. Conclusion: The APOE epsilon 4 allele frequencies in subjects with SCI and amnestic MCI have a north-south gradient. The relation between the APOE epsilon 4 allele and cognition is region dependent.
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