| 1. |
- Burtscher, I M, et al.
(författare)
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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain tumours: clinical applications
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1920 .- 0028-3940. ; 43:5, s. 345-352
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parallel to the rapid development of clinical MRI, MR spectroscopy (MRS) has, after starting as an analytical tool used in chemistry and physics, evolved to a noninvasive clinical examination. Most common neuroradiological diagnostic indications for MRS are functional inborn errors, neonatal hypoxia, ischaemia, metabolic diseases, white matter and degenerative diseases, epilepsy, inflammation, infections and intracranial neoplasm. Compared to CT and MRI, well-established morphological diagnostic tools, MRS provides information on the metabolic state of brain tissue. We review the clinical impact of MRS in diagnosis of tumours and their differentiation from non-neoplastic lesions.
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| 2. |
- Haller, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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The R-AI-DIOLOGY checklist : a practical checklist for evaluation of artificial intelligence tools in clinical neuroradiology
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 64:5, s. 851-864
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools are gradually blending into the clinical neuroradiology practice. Due to increasing complexity and diversity of such AI tools, it is not always obvious for the clinical neuroradiologist to capture the technical specifications of these applications, notably as commercial tools very rarely provide full details. The clinical neuroradiologist is thus confronted with the increasing dilemma to base clinical decisions on the output of AI tools without knowing in detail what is happening inside the "black box" of those AI applications. This dilemma is aggravated by the fact that currently, no established and generally accepted rules exist concerning best clinical practice and scientific and clinical validation nor for the medico-legal consequences in cases of wrong diagnoses. The current review article provides a practical checklist of essential points, intended to aid the user to identify and double-check necessary aspects, although we are aware that not all this information may be readily available at this stage, even for certified and commercially available AI tools. Furthermore, we therefore suggest that the developers of AI applications provide this information.
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| 3. |
- Hedderich, Dennis M, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence tools in clinical neuroradiology : essential medico-legal aspects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 65, s. 1091-1099
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial software based on artificial intelligence (AI) is entering clinical practice in neuroradiology. Consequently, medico-legal aspects of using Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) become increasingly important. These medico-legal issues warrant an interdisciplinary approach and may affect the way we work in daily practice. In this article, we seek to address three major topics: medical malpractice liability, regulation of AI-based medical devices, and privacy protection in shared medical imaging data, thereby focusing on the legal frameworks of the European Union and the USA. As many of the presented concepts are very complex and, in part, remain yet unsolved, this article is not meant to be comprehensive but rather thought-provoking. The goal is to engage clinical neuroradiologists in the debate and equip them to actively shape these topics in the future.
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| 4. |
- Hedner, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa): its potential role as a hemostatic agent
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1920 .- 0028-3940. ; 49:10, s. 789-793
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombinant activated coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa) was developed for the treatment of patients with hemophilia who have developed inhibitors against the factor they are missing. Hemophilia is a serious bleeding disorder and patients with hemophilia develop repeated spontaneous CNS, joint and muscle bleeding. Any trauma, even mild events, may cause life-threatening bleeding, and without treatment, these patients have a life expectancy of about 16 years. Thus, hemophilia can be regarded as a model of severe bleeding, and an agent capable of inducing hemostasis in severe hemophilia independent of the hemophilia proteins (FVIII or FIX) may also be effective in patients without hemophilia who experience serious bleeds. The availability of rFVIIa stimulated research on the role of FVII and tissue factor (TF) in the hemostatic process. As a result, a picture partly different from the one suggested by previous models [1, 2] has emerged. These previous models basically neglected the role of cells and cell membranes. The importance of platelets and platelet membrane phospholipids in hemostasis has been demonstrated, and the new concept of the hemostatic process, focusing on cell surfaces, has been outlined.
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