| 1. |
- Alemany Ripoll, Montserrat, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and appearance of intraparenchymal haematomas of the brain at 1.5 T with spin-echo, FLAIR and GE sequences : poor relationship to the age of the haematoma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 46:6, s. 435-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The specific appearance of blood related to time at T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequences is generally accepted; thus, these sequences are classically used for estimating the age of haematomas. Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T, including T1- and T2-weighted SE fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GE) sequences, was performed on 82 intraparenchymal haematomas (IPHs) and 15 haemorrhagic infarcts (HIs) in order to analyse the appearance at different stages and with different sequences, and to investigate how reliably the age of hematomas can be estimated. The IPHs had been previously detected by CT, were spontaneous ( n=72) or traumatic ( n=10) in origin and were of different sizes (2 mm to 7 cm) and ages (from 7.5 h to 4 years after acute haemorrhagic event). The age of the lesion was calculated from the moment when clinical symptoms started or the traumatic event occurred. The 15 patients with HIs were patients with ischaemic stroke in whom there was either a suspicion of haemorrhagic transformation on CT, or haemorrhage was detected as an additional finding on MR performed for other indications. Patients with conditions that could affect the SI of blood, such as anticoagulant therapy or severe anaemia, were excluded. The signal intensity pattern of the lesions was analysed and related to their ages without prior knowledge of the clinical data. All lesions were detected with T2*-weighted GE. T1-weighted SE missed 13 haematomas and T2-weighted SE and FLAIR sequences missed five. Haemorrhagic transformation was missed in three infarcts by T1-, T2-weighted SE and FLAIR. The signal pattern on FLAIR was identical to that on T2-weighted SE. For all sequences, a wide variety of signal patterns, without a clear relationship to the age of the haematomas, was observed. There was a poor relationship between the real MR appearance of IPHs and the theoretical appearance on SE sequences. T2*-weighted GE was effective for detecting small bleedings but was not useful for estimating the age of a lesion. The FLAIR does not provide any more information than T2-weighted SE.
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| 2. |
- Autti, Taina, et al.
(författare)
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MRI of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis : II. Postmortem MRI and histopathological study of the brain in 16 cases of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis of juvenile or late infantile type
- 1997
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 39:5, s. 371-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postmortem MRI was carried out on the formalin-fixed brains of 14 patients with juvenile (JNCL) and two with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, one of variant and the other of classical type. Two patients with JNCL had also undergone MRI during life. After MRI, specimens for histopathological analysis were taken from standard areas of the cerebral cortex, deep nuclei and white matter. The signal intensity of the periventricular white matter was usually higher than that of the peripheral white matter, a finding which correlated with the severe periventricular loss of myelin and gliosis observed histologically. The signal intensity was usually lower in the thalamus than in the putamen; in some patients the signal intensity of the thalamus was equal to or even lower than that of the white matter. However, myelin loss, gliosis, the storage process or neuronal loss in the thalamus did not correlate with the MRI findings. Since in one patient with JNCL the ante- and postmortem MRI did not differ basically, it appears probable that the periventricular changes detected in vivo on MRI are due to the severe loss of myelin and gliosis observed in this study. However, changes resulting from the fixation process must be considered, when postmortem and in vivo MRI are correlated.
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| 3. |
- Autti, Taina, et al.
(författare)
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MRI of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis : I. Cranial MRI of 30 patients with juvenile neuronal lipofuscinosis
- 1996
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 38:5, s. 476-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied 30 patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL). The patients (aged 6-25 years) and 43 age-matched healthy volunteers underwent MRI. After visual assessment, the signal intensity was measured on T2-weighted images in numerous locations. The thickness of the cortex and corpus callosum and the dimensions of the brain stem were measured. Mild to moderate cerebral atrophy was found in 14 of 30 patients, most of them over 14 years of age; 5 older patients had mild to moderate cerebellar atrophy. There was reduction in the size of the corpus callosum and brain stem. The thalamus, caudate nucleus and putamen appeared to give low signal in patients from the ages of 7, 11 and 11 years, respectively. In contrast, the signal intensity measured from the thalamus in these patients showed only a slight (insignificant) decrease compared with controls. The most significant alteration, an increase in measured signal intensity, was found in the white matter (P < 0.0001), even in the youngest patients. The MRI findings correlated significantly with decreased intelligence, speech disturbances and motor problems. Although MRI findings in JNCL do not appear very specific and the visual changes develop relatively late, the absence of pathological MRI findings in the very early stage of the disease may play a part in differential diagnosis of the different types of NCL. Furthermore, the MRI findings may be used in assessing severity and prognosis, particularly in young patients.
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| 4. |
- Bajic, Dragan, et al.
(författare)
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Hippocampal development at gestation weeks 23 to 36 : An ultrasound study on preterm neonates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 52:6, s. 489-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: During fetal development, the hippocampal structures fold around the hippocampal sulcus into the temporal lobe. According to the literature, this inversion should be completed at gestation week (GW) 21. Thereafter, the hippocampal shape should resemble the adult shape. However, incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is found in 19% of the common population. The aim of this study was to study fetal hippocampal development by examining neonates born preterm. METHODS: We analyzed cranial ultrasound examinations, performed as a part of the routine assessment of all preterm infants, over a 3-year period and excluded the infants with brain pathology. The final material consisted of 158 children born <35 GW. A rounded form (the ratio between the horizontal and vertical diameters of the hippocampal body <25 GW and >/=25 GW was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The frequency of bilateral IHI was highest in the youngest age group. In the other groups, the left-sided IHI was the most common. CONCLUSION: In about 50% of the neonates, hippocampal inversion is not completed up to GW 24; but from 25 GW onwards, the frequency and laterality of IHI is similar to that in the adult population.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Canto Moreira, Nuno, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of the normal fetal brain at gestation weeks 17 to 23 : a MRI study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 53:1, s. 43-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: To obtain measurements of the normal fetal brain before 24 weeks of gestation (GW), a deadline for medical decisions on fetal viability in a large number of countries. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 70 normal MR examinations of fetuses aged GW 17 to 23. The fronto-occipital diameter, the cerebral bi-parietal diameter, the transverse cerebellar diameter, the vermian height, and antero-posterior diameter were measured. RESULTS: The median, maximum, and minimum values for each parameter were displayed for each individual GW. CONCLUSION: The recorded data might contribute to a better assessment of fetal health by providing normal boundaries for the brain growth.
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| 7. |
- Canto Moreira, Nuno, et al.
(författare)
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The ear in fetal MRI : what can we really see?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 53:12, s. 1001-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to depict the components of the ear on brain-oriented fetal MRI studies. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the ear in MRI studies was performed post-mortem in 16 fetuses ranging from 15 to 22 gestation weeks (GW), and in 122 examinations in vivo of fetuses ranging from 20 to 38 GW. The cochlea, vestibular apparatus, middle ear, and external auditory canal were separately graded according to the components that were delineated. RESULTS: The components of the inner and middle ear were fully delineated in 100% of the post-mortem examinations, but the external auditory canals were only seen in only 25%. In the in vivo group, the imaging detail was much lower. Cochlear turns could be identified in 75% of the fetuses, the vestibule and the lateral semicircular canals in 72% andossicles in 70%. Before 25 GW, the ability to identify these individual parts was 50%, 30%, and 33%, respectively, and above it was 89%, 93%, and 90% . In most cases, the external auditory canals could only be seen after 29 GW. CONCLUSION: In fetal MRI studies in vivo, it is possible to depict the components of the ear in the majority of the fetuses, in such a manner as to exclude major malformations. However, MRI might not provide enough detail to rule out pathology of the ear before 25 GW, this being a critical age for pregnancy management in many countries.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Finnsson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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1H-MR spectroscopy of adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 55:8, s. 933-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms is a rare disease with a clinical course somewhat similar to chronic progressive MS but with different imaging findings consisting of extensive white matter changes in the cerebrum and cerebellar peduncles. Patients usually present in the fourth to sixth decade with autonomic symptoms, manifesting later symptoms from the pyramidal tracts and ataxia. Here, we present magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in this disease. Fourteen subjects, from two non-related families, with genetic linkage to the disease were studied with magnetic resonance imaging and single-voxel MRS. Clinically, they ranged from asymptomatic to wheelchair-using. Their results were compared to those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. One MRS was excluded due to suboptimal quality. The remaining 13 subjects manifested characteristic evidence of pathology on MRI, 11 of them exhibited extensive changes. The metabolite concentrations of total Cr, total Cho, and total NAA measured in millimolars, using internal water as a reference, were significantly lower in these 11 subjects compared to controls, and we found linear correlations between all these metabolite levels. When total Cr was used as a reference, we found no difference between subjects and controls. No lactate was detected. The decreased metabolite concentrations measured using internal water as a reference are most likely due to increased water content in the tissues, diluting all metabolites to a similar degree. This is also in agreement with the high signal intensity exhibited in the white matter on T2-weighted MR images and with the reported histopathological findings of vacuolated myelin.
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