| 1. |
- Ahmad, Abdulbaghi, et al.
(författare)
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Posttraumatic stress disorder in children after the military operation "Anfal" in Iraqi Kurdistan
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 9:4, s. 235-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five years after the military operation “Anfal” in Iraqi Kurdistan, 45 families were randomly selected among the survivors in two displacement camps. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms for Children (PTSS-C) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) were administered to the oldest child and the caregiver in each family, respectively. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was reported in 87% of children and 60% of their caregivers. While childhood PTSD was only significantly predicted by child trauma score and the duration of captivity, it was neither predicted by maternal PTSD nor did it disappear after the reunion with the PTSD-free father. However, the small sample size makes the results hypotheses rather than conclusive.
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| 2. |
- Ahmad, Abdulbaghi, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of a child-specific cross-cultural instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 9:4, s. 285-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children (PTSS-C) was developed as a cross-cultural semi-structured interview to diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to identify PTSD-non-related posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after various traumatic experiences. The psychometric properties were studied in two different child populations in Iraqi Kurdistan (the survivors of the military operation “Anfal”, and the orphans), in a sample of Kurdistanian refugee children in Sweden, and in a comparison sample of Swedish children. The instrument yielded satisfactory internal consistency, high interrater agreement, and excellent validity on cross-validation with the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI) and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
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| 3. |
- Jarbin, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic stability in adolescent onset psychotic disorders
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 12:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to examine the long-term stability of a diagnosis of psychotic disorder in adolescence and to focus on diagnostic change over time. A total of 88 patients with a first episode of early onset psychosis (before 19 years) were followed up an average of 10.5 years (range 5.1-18.2) after admission. This report includes the 68 patients who could be traced and interviewed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and lifetime Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV diagnosis. An initial diagnostic split between schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorder had a good (> 80 %) Positive Predictive Validity and Sensitivity. The main diagnostic shift was an influx to schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 6). These patients resembled the stable affective group (n = 27) in premorbid and prodromal aspects but changed over time to resemble the poor outcome of the stable schizophrenia spectrum group (n = 28) albeit with fewer negative symptoms and a better social function. Family history of nonaffective psychosis in first or second degree relatives was often found in the "change to schizophrenia group". A diagnosis in adolescence of schizophrenia spectrum or affective psychotic disorder is usually stable over time. A subgroup of non-schizophrenia patients go on to develop a schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
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| 4. |
- Ramklint, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Personality disorders in former child psychiatric patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 11, s. 289-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present case-control study was undertaken in order to investigate the long-term outcome with respect to personality disorder (PD) symptomatology in former childpsychiatric in-patients as compared to matched controls from the general population. Altogether 359 former patients and 359 controls were invited to participate in the study. Of these, 164 (46%) former patients and 193 (54%) controls approved participation. From these, 137 age and sex-matched pairs with a mean age of 30.7 (SD = 6.8) years were constructed. Adult PD symptomatology was assessed by means of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 PersonalityQuestionnaire (DIP-Q). There were 52 former patients (38%) and 15 controls (10.9%) who fulfilled criteria for at least one DSM-IV self-reported PD. There was a significantly higher prevalence for all specific self-reported PDs in former patients compared to controls. The mean number of disorders was 1.7 (SD = 2.6) in former patients and 0.3 (SD = 0.8) incontrols. Moreover, former patients fulfilled more PD criteria than controls (23 vs. 11; median numbers). The former patients had significantly lower global functioning and more psychosocial problems than the controls. These problems were related to personalitypathology. The results of this study indicate that child psychiatric morbidity seems to increase the risk for adult PD symptomatology. However, the results may be biased by the low participation rate.
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| 5. |
- Samm, Algi, et al.
(författare)
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Children's Depression Inventory in Estonia - Single items and factor structure by age and gender
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 17:3, s. 162-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of study was to estimate the score of symptoms of depression with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) among Estonian schoolchildren aged 7-13-year-old, according to age and gender differences, and to identify the components in factor analysis characterising self-reported childhood symptoms of depression. The applicability of the CDI in 7-year-old children was also estimated. The number of subjects in the study was 725 (342 girls and 383 boys), and the mean age was 10.2 (SD 1.7). The mean total score of the CDI for the whole sample was 9.96 (SD=6.3, range 0-39, median 9.0). The mean scores of symptoms of depression among children did not differ by gender or age. There were no significant differences in the CDI mean scores between 7-year-old compared to older schoolchildren in the present study. Factor analysis obtained five factors: anhedonia, ineffectiveness, negative self-esteem, negative mood and interpersonal problems. Significant gender and age differences were found: girls reported more symptoms of anhedonia and negative self-esteem, and boys reported more symptoms of ineffectiveness. Younger children reported more symptoms of anhedonia and ineffectiveness, and older children negative self-esteem. The study serves as baseline data before intervention of the EC project "European Alliance Against Depression''.
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| 6. |
- von Knorring, Anne-Liis, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Asylum-seeking children with resignation syndrome : catatonia or traumatic withdrawal syndrome?
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 29:8, s. 1103-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the beginning of the 2000s, an increasing number of asylum-seeking children in Sweden fell into a stuporous condition. In the present study, we report 46 consecutive children with the most severe form of this illness where the children were unable to give any response at all, did not react to pain, cold or touching, could not be supported to sit or stand on their feet, could not do anything when requested, and in most cases had enuresis/encopresis. A minority of the children came from war zones (n = 8, 17.4%). A majority belonged to an ethnic or religious minority (n = 32, 69.6%) in their homeland and almost all were persecuted (n = 43, 93.5%). All had either experienced violence themselves or had witnessed or heard about violence against close family members. The age of onset of the first symptom of illness for boys was 11.2 years [CI 9.6-12.8], for girls 11.8 yrs.[CI 10.4-13.2], and the age for falling into stupor for boys was 12.9 years [CI 11.6-14.1] years and was the same for girls, 12.9 years [CI 11.6-14.2] years. Girls tended to have depression before entering the stuporous condition, while the boys tended to have PTSD first (Chi-square = 3.73, p = 0.054). A majority of the children had one (n = 13, 28.3%) or both parents (n = 14, 30.4%) suffering from mental or severe physical disorder. It is discussed whether the presented condition is a separate entity or if the syndrome should be regarded as a variant of catatonia, and whether benzodiazepines should be tried.
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