| 1. |
- Gama, Fábio, Ass. Professor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence Translation Into Health Care Practice : Scoping Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto, ON : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Significant efforts have been made to develop artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for health care improvement. Despite the enthusiasm, health care professionals still struggle to implement AI in their daily practice.Objective: This paper aims to identify the implementation frameworks used to understand the application of AI in health care practice.Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Cochrane, Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases to identify publications that reported frameworks, models, and theories concerning AI implementation in health care. This review focused on studies published in English and investigating AI implementation in health care since 2000. A total of 2541 unique publications were retrieved from the databases and screened on titles and abstracts by 2 independent reviewers. Selected articles were thematically analyzed against the Nilsen taxonomy of implementation frameworks, and the Greenhalgh framework for the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) of health care technologies.Results: In total, 7 articles met all eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review, and 2 articles included formal frameworks that directly addressed AI implementation, whereas the other articles provided limited descriptions of elements influencing implementation. Collectively, the 7 articles identified elements that aligned with all the NASSS domains, but no single article comprehensively considered the factors known to influence technology implementation. New domains were identified, including dependency on data input and existing processes, shared decision-making, the role of human oversight, and ethics of population impact and inequality, suggesting that existing frameworks do not fully consider the unique needs of AI implementation.Conclusions: This literature review demonstrates that understanding how to implement AI in health care practice is still in its early stages of development. Our findings suggest that further research is needed to provide the knowledge necessary to develop implementation frameworks to guide the future implementation of AI in clinical practice and highlight the opportunity to draw on existing knowledge from the field of implementation science. ©Fábio Gama, Daniel Tyskbo, Jens Nygren, James Barlow, Julie Reed, Petra Svedberg.
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| 2. |
- Gilljam, Britt-Mari, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of an Electronic Health Service on Child Participation in Pediatric Oncology Care : Quasiexperimental Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto : J M I R Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 22:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a shortage of electronic Health (eHealth) services for children 6-12 years old, which promotes their participation in healthcare. Children with long-term diseases want to be more involved in their healthcare, and have the right to receive information, to be listened to, to express their opinions and to participate in decision-making in healthcare.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate children’s participation during appointments with pediatricians at pediatric oncology clinics, with or without the use of the eHealth service Sisom.Method: A quasi-experimental design with mixed methods was used. Twenty-seven appointments with pediatricians for 14 children aged 6-12 years (mean 8.3) with a cancer diagnosis were filmed and analyzed. The intervention group consisted of children who used an eHealth service prior their appointments with pediatricians at a pediatric oncology clinic and the control group consisted of children during their appointments with pediatricians at four other pediatric oncology clinics. The data from the observations from the films were analyzed with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis included manual calculations of how many times the pediatricians spoke directly to the children, of the proportion of the appointment time that the children were talking and their levels of participation. The qualitative analysis included directed content analysis included observations of the video films to assess the children´s levels of participation manifested themselves.Results: A greater proportion of what the pediatrician said in the intervention group was addressed to the child than occurred in the control group, but the proportion of the appointment time the children talked was almost the same for both the intervention and the control groups. The levels of participation corresponded to the first three levels of Shier´s participation model: Children were listened to, Children were supported to express their views and Children´s views were taken into account. The results showed an increased level of the children´s participation in the intervention group. Several codes were found about information, which did not fit into any of the existing categories, and a new category was thus formed: Children received information. Situations were also identified where children were actively excluded from participation; these were presented as negative codes.Conclusions: This study shows that the eHealth service Sisom can increase children´s participation during appointments with healthcare professionals. Future research should focus on evaluating outcomes on individual and organizational levels and in different healthcare contexts. © The authors. All rights reserved
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| 3. |
- Sharma, Malvika, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial Intelligence Applications in Health Care Practice : Scoping Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 24:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is often heralded as a potential disruptor that will transform the practice of medicine. The amount of data collected and available in health care, coupled with advances in computational power, has contributed to advances in AI and an exponential growth of publications. However, the development of AI applications does not guarantee their adoption into routine practice. There is a risk that despite the resources invested, benefits for patients, staff, and society will not be realized if AI implementation is not better understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how the implementation of AI in health care practice has been described and researched in the literature by answering 3 questions: What are the characteristics of research on implementation of AI in practice? What types and applications of AI systems are described? What characteristics of the implementation process for AI systems are discernible?Methods: A scoping review was conducted of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases to identify empirical studies of AI implementation in health care since 2011, in addition to snowball sampling of selected reference lists. Using Rayyan software, we screened titles and abstracts and selected full-text articles. Data from the included articles were charted and summarized.Results: Of the 9218 records retrieved, 45 (0.49%) articles were included. The articles cover diverse clinical settings and disciplines; most (32/45, 71%) were published recently, were from high-income countries (33/45, 73%), and were intended for care providers (25/45, 56%). AI systems are predominantly intended for clinical care, particularly clinical care pertaining to patient-provider encounters. More than half (24/45, 53%) possess no action autonomy but rather support human decision-making. The focus of most research was on establishing the effectiveness of interventions (16/45, 35%) or related to technical and computational aspects of AI systems (11/45, 24%). Focus on the specifics of implementation processes does not yet seem to be a priority in research, and the use of frameworks to guide implementation is rare.Conclusions: Our current empirical knowledge derives from implementations of AI systems with low action autonomy and approaches common to implementations of other types of information systems. To develop a specific and empirically based implementation framework, further research is needed on the more disruptive types of AI systems being implemented in routine care and on aspects unique to AI implementation in health care, such as building trust, addressing transparency issues, developing explainable and interpretable solutions, and addressing ethical concerns around privacy and data protection.Keywords: artificial intelligence; health care; implementation; scoping review; technology adoption.©Malvika Sharma, Carl Savage, Monika Nair, Ingrid Larsson, Petra Svedberg, Jens M Nygren. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 05.10.2022.
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| 4. |
- Svedberg, Petra, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers and Enablers Affecting Successful Implementation of the Electronic Health Service Sisom : Multicenter Study of Child Participation in Pediatric Care
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto : JMIR Publications, Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 21:11, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Children's participation in health care is one of the most important components in the management of their disease. Electronic health (eHealth) services that are adapted to the needs of children have the potential for restructuring how children and professionals work together. Therefore, a digital interactive assessment and communication tool, Sisom, was developed to give children aged between 6 and 12 years a voice in their own health care. However, the implementation of eHealth services such as Sisom in daily practice in pediatric health care is rarely investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the process of implementing Sisom for children in pediatric care in Sweden. More specifically, the study aimed to (1) evaluate whether the implementation strategy was conducted as planned, (2) understand the barriers and facilitators of the implementation strategy in pediatric care settings, (3) gain insight into how professionals work with the specific intervention, and (4) gain insight into the usefulness and effects of the intervention from the professionals' perspectives. METHODS: A process evaluation design was used to study the implementation of Sisom at 4 pediatric care centers in Sweden. An extensive amount of qualitative and quantitative data was collected before, during, and after the intervention through self-report checklists, memos, and interviews with professionals. In total, 46 children, aged between 6 and 13 years, participated. The children used Sisom on two occasions during 6 months. When they used Sisom, a printed report formed the basis for a forthcoming dialogue between professionals, children, and their parents. RESULTS: To our knowledge, this is the first implementation study of an eHealth communication tool aimed at strengthening children's participation in pediatric health care. Key factors for successful implementation were alignment of the solution with the values and goals of the organization, health care professionals' beliefs in the usefulness and usability of the solution, and health care professionals' willingness to change their professional roles guided by the solution. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the study show that it is possible to restructure health care delivery toward a child-centered approach, if there is a willingness and preparedness in the organization to implement an eHealth solution with the aim of restructuring the way of working with children's participation. ©Petra Svedberg, Susann Arvidsson, Ingrid Larsson, Ing-Marie Carlsson, Jens M Nygren.
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| 5. |
- Wärnestål, Pontus, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Using Child Personas in the Development of a Digital Peer Support Service for Childhood Cancer Survivors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Peer support services have the potential to support children who survive cancer by handling the physical, mental, and social challenges associated with survival and return to everyday life. Involving the children themselves in the design process allows for adapting services to authentic user behaviors and goals. As there are several challenges that put critical requirements on a user-centered design process, we developed a design method based on personas adapted to the particular needs of children that promotes health and handles a sensitive design context.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using child personas in the development of a digital peer support service for childhood cancer survivors.METHODS: The user group's needs and behaviors were characterized based on cohort data and literature, focus group interviews with childhood cancer survivors (n=15, 8-12 years), stakeholder interviews with health care professionals and parents (n=13), user interviews, and observations. Data were interpreted and explained together with childhood cancer survivors (n=5) in three explorative design workshops and a validation workshop with children (n=7).RESULTS: We present findings and insights on how to codesign child personas in the context of developing digital peer support services with childhood cancer survivors. The work resulted in three primary personas that model the behaviors, attitudes, and goals of three user archetypes tailored for developing health-promoting services in this particular use context. Additionally, we also report on the effects of using these personas in the design of a digital peer support service called Give Me a Break.CONCLUSIONS: By applying our progressive steps of data collection and analysis, we arrive at authentic child-personas that were successfully used to design and develop health-promoting services for children in vulnerable life stages. The child-personas serve as effective collaboration and communication aids for both internal and external purposes.
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