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| 2. |
- Black, MH, et al.
(författare)
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Complex facial emotion recognition and atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: Autism : the international journal of research and practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7005. ; 24:1, s. 258-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While altered gaze behaviour during facial emotion recognition has been observed in autistic individuals, there remains marked inconsistency in findings, with the majority of previous research focused towards the processing of basic emotional expressions. There is a need to examine whether atypical gaze during facial emotion recognition extends to more complex emotional expressions, which are experienced as part of everyday social functioning. The eye gaze of 20 autistic and 20 IQ-matched neurotypical adults was examined during a facial emotion recognition task of complex, dynamic emotion displays. Autistic adults fixated longer on the mouth region when viewing complex emotions compared to neurotypical adults, indicating that altered prioritization of visual information may contribute to facial emotion recognition impairment. Results confirm the need for more ecologically valid stimuli for the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition difficulty in autistic individuals.
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| 3. |
- Black, MH, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations of the built environment for autistic individuals: A review of the literature
- 2022
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Ingår i: Autism : the international journal of research and practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7005. ; 26:8, s. 1904-1915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, built environments have been designed exclusively to meet the needs of neurotypical populations; however, there is increasing recognition of the need to make built environments more accommodating for neurodiverse populations, including autistic individuals. This scoping review aims to comprehensively explore and synthesise this literature on the internal built environment for autistic individuals providing recommendations for designers, policymakers and clinicians. Five electronic databases were searched, resulting in a total of 28 studies being reviewed. Recommendations are provided for design and construction, lighting, sound, aesthetics, temperature and air quality. While in its early stages, evidence demonstrating the impact that particular qualities of light, colour, sound and spatial planning have on the human sensorium is emerging. In turn, this new knowledge is informing design decisions that are progressing interior environments towards inclusivity. Understanding the positive and negative impacts of decisions made in the design of the built environment has the potential to facilitate the participation and inclusion of autistic individuals. Factors related to the interiors of buildings, including the layout of rooms, colours, smells, noises, temperature, ventilation, colour and clutter, among other things, can change the way we interact with our environment and the people around us. Autistic individuals can have differences in processing sensory information and may find aspects of the built environment (BE) over-whelming and difficult to navigate. We reviewed the existing literature exploring the BE and autism. This study found that it is possible to make changes to the BE to create more inclusive and friendly environments for everyone, including autistic individuals. Findings from this study provide clear recommendations that can be used by interior designers, architects, builders, and clinical practitioners to make a positive difference. Key recommendations include using simple spatial layouts, compartmentalising and zoning spaces into specific activity sections and providing retreat spaces. The thoughtful placement of windows and blinds and the installation of dimmable lights, for example, will allow users to manage or reduce sensory over-stimulation caused by lights. Similarly, we recommend creating soundproofing and sound absorbent materials to reduce background noise and sound levels. We also recommend using neutral or simple colour palettes and restrained use of patterns. Finally, and most importantly, the BE needs to be flexible and adaptable to meet the unique needs of each person. This study provides a starting point for design guidelines and recommendations towards making a difference to the everyday experiences of the interiors of buildings.
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| 6. |
- Bolte, S
(författare)
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autism : the international journal of research and practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7005. ; 16:6, s. 555-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Bolte, S, et al.
(författare)
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Hard talk: Does autism need philosophy?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Autism : the international journal of research and practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7005. ; 23:1, s. 3-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Bolte, S, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in cognitive domains and their clinical correlates in higher-functioning autism spectrum disorders
- 2011
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Ingår i: Autism : the international journal of research and practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7005. ; 15:4, s. 497-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the skewed sex ratio, few studies have addressed possible cognitive sex differences in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study compared visual attention to detail (ATTD) and selected executive functions (EF) in 35 males and 21 females with higher-functioning ASD and unaffected sibling controls. Females with ASD outperformed males on EF as assessed by the Trail Making Test B-A. Males with ASD showed superior performance for ATTD as measured by the Block Design Test (BD) when compared with females. EF difficulties in males were correlated with more stereotypic behaviours and interests on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised or the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The results indicated clinically meaningful cognitive sex differences in ASD, particularly an association between EF and stereotypic behaviours and interests. ATTD as a potential basis for specific cognitive strengths (e.g. scientific/savant skills) might be more pronounced in males with ASD.
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| 9. |
- Bolte, S
(författare)
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The good, the bad and systematic reviews
- 2015
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Ingår i: Autism : the international journal of research and practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7005. ; 19:1, s. 3-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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