| 1. |
- Arnberg, Klara
(författare)
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Under the Counter, Under the Radar? : The Business and Regulation of the Pornographic Press in Sweden 1950-1971
- 2012
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Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 13:2, s. 350-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the process leading to decriminalization of pornography in Sweden in 1971 is analyzed. The interplay between the structural institutional level and company behavior is stressed, with an emphasis on business strategies. The article shows that the division between hard-core and soft-core pornographic magazines in Sweden was quite different than the development in the United Kingdom and the United States. It also shows how the business strategies used by hard-core pornographers challenged the obscenity legislation and regulation of national distribution, making them obsolete. Even though there was fierce competition between the pornography companies, producers formed joint alternative distribution channels crucial to the survival of the industry.
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| 2. |
- Arnberg, Klara, 1979-
(författare)
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Under the counter, under the radar? : The business and regulation of the pornographic press in Sweden 1950- 1971
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Oxford University Press. - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 13:2, s. 350-377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the process leading to decriminalization of pornography in Sweden in 1971 is analyzed. The interplay between the structural institutional level and company behavior is stressed, with an emphasis on business strategies. The article shows that the division between hard-core and soft-core pornographic magazines in Sweden was quite different than the development in the United Kingdom and the United States. It also shows how the business strategies used by hard-core pornographers challenged the obscenity legislation and regulation of national distribution, making them obsolete. Even though there was fierce competition between the pornography companies, producers formed joint alternative distribution channels crucial to the survival of the industry.
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| 3. |
- Arnberg, Klara, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Under the Influence of Commercial Values : Neoliberalized Business-Consumer Relations in the Swedish Certification Market, 1988-2018
- 2023
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Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 24:3, s. 647-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1990s, a new model for market control organized through tripartite standards regimes (TSR), has expanded globally and affected most market exchanges through standard-setting, accreditation, and certification. This article investigates business-consumer relations under this regime, with a specific focus on the functions of accreditation and certification. In our case study of Sweden, a new picture of consumer protection under late capitalism evolves. Seeing it as a form of neoliberalization, the article uncovers a transition between two regimes of control; from one built on a potential conflict between consumer and business interests, to one based on the assumption that business interests are beneficial for all parties. Although business interest was formulated as pleasing the consumer-or the customer-by both certification firms and the Swedish Accreditation Authority, in practice consumer interest as something worth protecting was made abstract in the era of the TSR.
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| 4. |
- Arnberg, Klara, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Wartime segmentation : Class, gender, and nation in the marketing of consumers, Sweden 1939-1945
- 2024
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Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In line with recent research that regards the Second World War as a "defining moment" rather than a temporary disruption to the development of consumer societies, this paper explores how consumers were imagined in nonbelligerent Sweden. The main empirical source material consists of business-to-business advertisements from newspaper and magazine publishers aimed at potential advertisers. There, publishers portrayed their readers as suitable consumers, and, given that the division of the press constituted the main infrastructure for reaching different consumer groups, this is interpreted as a key to understanding market segmentation processes. The findings show how geographical, demographic, and psychological factors were considered in optimizing advertising influence and reaching classed and gendered target audiences. Although the segmentation process consolidated during the war, focusing on stable, large consumer groups, the imagined consumer also underwent fundamental changes, combating anxiety and despair through dreams of both future and present patriotic consumption.
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| 5. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Safe before Green! : The Greening of Volvo Cars in the 1970s–1990s
- 2023
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Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 24:1, s. 59-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the automobile industry has served as the backbone of much business history scholarship, business historians have paid little attention to this industry’s actions concerning the complex of environmental issues that took hold in the 1960s. Volvo represents a captivating case study to gain insight into why the automobile industry’s growth has been difficult to align with the shift toward environmental sustainability. Although Volvo pioneered the exhaust emission control technology on the U.S. market in the 1970s and gained an international reputation for high environmental and safety standards in the decades that followed, the company was unable to seriously address climate change in the 1990s. This article identifies several key factors impacting the automobile industry’s passive response to environmental challenges—for instance, weak and asymmetric emission control regulations on international markets, consumer preferences for larger cars (SUVs) in the 1990s, and a lack of systematic regulatory pressure to shift from fossil fuels and the internal combustion engine. In the case of Volvo, world leadership in safety standards, rather than low carbon emissions, constituted the company’s competitive advantage as climate change emerged as one of the most critical environmental issues in the 1990s.
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| 6. |
- Broberg, Oskar, 1976
(författare)
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Labeling the Good: Alternative Visions and Organic Branding in Sweden in the Late 20th Century
- 2010
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Ingår i: Enterprise & Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 11:4, s. 813-840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The past decade’s rapid expansion of a global market for organic food has set powerful economic and political forces in motion. The most important dividing line is whether organic food production should be an alternative to or a niche within a capitalist mode of production. To explore this conflict the article analyzes the formation of a market for eco-labeled milk in Sweden. The analysis draws on three aspects: the strategy of agri-business, the role of eco-labeling, and the importance of inter-organizational dynamics. Based on archival studies, daily press, and interviews, three processes are emphasized: the formative years of the alternative movement in the 1970s, the founding of an independent eco-label (KRAV) in the 1980s, and a discursive shift from alternative visions to organic branding in the early 1990s following the entry of agri-business.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Martin, 1975-
(författare)
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A Golden Combination : The Formation of Monetary Policy in Sweden after World War I
- 2015
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Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 16:3, s. 556-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a European perspective, what sets apart the Swedish return to the gold standard at prewar parity in 1924 is not only that it occurred before that of every other nation, including the United Kingdom, but also that it could be made by politicians without interference from the central bank. Against this background, it is argued that this decision may be related to the combined impact of two political positions that affected policy making in a crucial way. In a domestic policy context in which minority governments needed support from other parties to realize their political ambitions, the Social Democrats and Conservatives both developed separate positions in favor of an early return of the gold standard during the first part of the 1920s. Because these parties together formed a majority in both chambers of Parliament, a stable political support for a return of the gold standard could thereby emerge.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Martin, 1975-
(författare)
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Embedding Big Business : The Political Economy of the 1938 Corporate Tax Reform in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Oxford University Press. - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 15:2, s. 285-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the business–government relations during the policy and decision-making processes that preceded the 1938 corporate tax reform in Sweden. This reform involved creating a new tax system under the turbulent economic conditions of the interwar period. But while literature on tax history has found that such circumstances often disable actors from agreeing on tax policies, a constructive outcome was still reached in the Swedish case. In this regard, it is demonstrated that one crucial factor behind the creation of the 1938 corporate tax reform was the formation of a coalition between the Social Democratic party and the business peak associations around a number of areas where their taxation interests coincided. Here, the Social Democrats agreed to shelter profits from corporations as long as they were managed according to the intentions of their countercyclical economic policy that encouraged industrial investments and employment expansion.
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| 10. |
- Glover, Nikolas, 1979-
(författare)
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Between Order and Justice : Investments in Africa and Corporate International Responsibility in Swedish Media in the 1960s
- 2019
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Ingår i: Enterprise & society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1467-2227 .- 1467-2235. ; 20:2, s. 401-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes how the public relations of multinational companies was affected by the double impact of decolonization and spread of television during the 1960s. It contributes to recent theoretical conceptualizations of corporate social responsibility by adding the dimension of home country stakeholders and the border-crossing character of corporate responsibility. The analysis deals with the changing media representations in Sweden of Swedish-owned firms in Liberia and South Africa before, during, and after what has been called the “postcolonial moment” (1960–1963). In its wake, Swedish industrialists faced a new policy problem: firms in overseas markets were no longer expected to do only what was legal in the host country but also what was considered right in their home country. The analysis follows the debates concerning this issue of corporate international responsibility throughout the 1960s, and how national business organizations and executives in firms such as the Liberian-American-Swedish Mining Company publicly sought to defend the role of Swedish foreign direct investment in Africa. The business community developed various public relations strategies to engage with its critics, professionalized their media relations, and organized international study tours for unions and politicians.
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