| 1. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Is age a better predictor of weight loss one year after Gastric bypass than symptoms of disordered eating, depression, adult ADHD, and alcohol consumption?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15:4, s. 644-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Findings regarding psychological risk factors for low weight loss after bariatric surgery have been inconsistent. The association between gender and weight outcome is unclear while younger age has been consistently shown to be associated with better weight outcome. The aim of this study was to analyze the interactions between gender and age on the one hand and symptoms of disordered eating, depression, adult ADHD and alcohol consumption on the other hand in regard to weight loss after gastric bypass.METHODS:Bariatric surgery patients were recruited and asked to fill out self-report questionnaires regarding behavioral risk factors before and twelve months after surgery. Data from one hundred and twenty-nine patients were analyzed.RESULTS:After controlling for age, no psychological variable measured prior to surgery could predict weight loss after twelve months. After surgery, there was an interaction effect between age, gender and specific eating disorder symptoms. Specifically, loss of control over eating was a risk factor for low weight loss among older, but not among younger, female participants. Symptoms of adult ADHD were associated with elevated alcohol consumption after surgery.DISCUSSION:These results indicate that age and gender may moderate the effects of potential risk factors for inferior weight outcome. This interaction could potentially be one of the reasons behind the mixed findings in this field. Thus, there are important gender differences in the bariatric population that should be considered. The present study is the first to show that symptoms of adult ADHD may not be a risk factor for inferior weight loss but for alcohol risk consumption after gastric bypass.
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| 2. |
- De Jesus, A. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153. ; 18, s. 137-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have separately examined conformity tomasculine norms and internalization of body ideals in themedia in relation to the drive formuscularity (DM). This study was designed to examine these factors together in relation toDM, and further examine howtheymay differ in relation to drive for thinness (DT) and drive for leanness (DL). Participants were 284 Australian males between ages 18 and 42. They completed validated measures that assessed DM, DT, DL, male gender role norms, and internalization of body ideals. The findings showed that internalization of body ideals mediated the relationship between masculine role norms and body image in the case of both DM and DL. However, masculine norms and internalization were independent predictors of DT. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the roles that the media and masculine norms have in shaping men's drive for muscularity, leanness, and thinness. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm the nature and direction of these relationships. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Forsén Mantilla, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Self-image and eating disorder symptoms in normal and clinical adolescents
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15:1, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eating disorders (ED) are psychiatric disorders of multifactorial origin, predominantly appearing in adolescence. Negative self-image is identified as risk factor, but the association between self-image and ED in adolescents or sex differences regarding such associations remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between specific self-image aspects and ED symptoms in normal and clinical adolescents, including sex differences. Participants included 855 ED patients (girls = 813, boys = 42) and 482 normal adolescents (girls = 238, boys = 244), 13-15 years. Stepwise regression demonstrated strong associations between self-image and ED in normal adolescents (girls: R-2 = .31, boys: R-2 = .08), and stronger associations in patients (girls: R-2 = .64, boys: R-2 = .69). Qualitative sex differences were observed in patients. Connections between specific self-image aspects and ED have implications for clinical management of ED. The strong link between self-image variables and ED symptoms in normal girls, but not boys, is discussed in terms of the continuity-discontinuity hypothesis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Nowicka, Paulina, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of parental overt and covert control of child's food intake: A population-based validation study with mothers of preschoolers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15, s. 673-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Overt and covert control are novel constructs representing two different parental feeding practices with regard to the child's ability to detect them. Preliminary research indicates that covert control is linked to a healthier diet and lower child weight status. In this study,we report the first psychometric validation of the original measures of overt and covert control outside the UK in a large sample of parents of preschoolers.Methods: Based on records from the population register, all mothers of 4-year-olds (n = 3007) from the third largest city in Sweden,Malmö, were contacted by mail. Out of those, 876 returned the measures of overt and covert control together with a background questionnaire and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Test–retest data were obtained from 64% (n = 563) of these mothers. The mean age of the mothers was 35.6 years; their mean BMI was 24.1, 31.5% were overweight or obese. The children were on average 4.5 years old; 48% were girls, 12.8% were overweight or obese.Results: While the fit for the original 9-item 2-factor model was poor, shorter 8- and 6-item versions were supported by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI N 0.95, RMSEA b 0.05). Internal and test–retest reliability of the shorter version was good (ICC= 0.65–0.71). Results also suggest that the factor structure and loadings were invariant (i.e., did not significantly differ) over time and between child sexes. Both overt and covert control factors were moderately correlated with CFQ monitoring. Overt control was also moderately related to CFQ pressure and weakly correlated with CFQ restriction. Covert control, on the other hand, was moderately related to restriction and not related with pressure. Correlations of both factors with child and parent BMI were very small.Conclusion: We found good psychometric properties of the revised versions of the overt and control behaviors in a multiethnic sample of mothers from Sweden. Future studies need to establish causal associations between overt and covert control and the obesity related outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Parling, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Alexithymia and emotional awareness in anorexia nervosa : time for a shift in the measurement of the concept?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 11:4, s. 205-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study compared 35 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) with an age matched control group using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; a self-report instrument) and the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS; a performance-based instrument). Depression and anxiety have been shown to account for elevated levels of alexithymia in AN, and an elevated level of perfectionism might affect self-reporting in general. The AN-group reported a higher level of alexithymia on the TAS-20 compared to the control group, a difference that disappeared after controlling for depression or anxiety (but not for perfectionism). The findings suggest that the AN-patients believe that they have difficulties in identifying and reporting emotions, but actually perform as well as the control group when confronted with the task of identifying and reporting their emotions according to LEAS. It might be time to rethink the measurement of alexithymia. Maybe, similar to assessment of personality disorders, it should not be assessed when patients are depressed, or it should be assessed through instruments and modalities that are not sensitive to the mood state of the patient.
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| 6. |
- Viborg, Njördur, et al.
(författare)
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Reciprocal prospective associations between disordered eating and other psychological problems in a community sample of Swedish adolescent girls
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7358 .- 1471-0153. ; 15:1, s. 159-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disordered eating and its associations with psychological difficulties and body satisfaction were prospectively studied in a community sample of 13-15 year old adolescent girls (N = 428). General psychological difficulties (including hyperactivity-inattention) and lower levels of body satisfaction at T1 were found to predict disordered eating at follow-up one year later (T2). Furthermore, reciprocal associations were found between disordered eating and psychological difficulties (but not body dissatisfaction) so that disordered eating at T1 predicted general psychological difficulties (including hyperactivity-inattention) at T2. The results support the notion of a vicious interplay between disordered eating and other subclinical psychological problems, which may represent a potential mechanism for the development of clinically significant eating disorders. It is suggested that it could be important to identify these kinds of bidirectional processes at an early stage, in order to prevent further developments of clinical forms of psychopathology.
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| 7. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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The meal pattern questionnaire : A psychometric evaluation using the eating disorder examination
- 2016
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 21, s. 7-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveMeal pattern is an important variable in both obesity treatment and treatment for eating disorders. Momentary assessment and eating diaries are highly valid measurement methods but often cumbersome and not always feasible to use in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a self-report instrument for measuring meal patterns.MethodThe Pattern of eating item from the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview was adapted to self-report format to follow the same overall structure as the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. The new instrument was named the Meal Patterns Questionnaire (MPQ) and was compared with the EDE in a student sample (n = 105) and an obese sample (n = 111).ResultsThe individual items of the MPQ and the EDE showed moderate to high correlations (rho = .63–89) in the two samples. Significant differences between the MPQ and EDE were only found for two items in the obese sample. The total scores correlated to a high degree (rho = .87/.74) in both samples and no significant differences were found in this variable.DiscussionThe MPQ can provide an overall picture of a person's eating patterns and is a valid way to collect data regarding meal patterns. The MPQ may be a useable tool in clinical practice and research studies when more extensive instruments cannot be used. Future studies should evaluate the MPQ in diverse cultural populations and with more ecological assessment methods.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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The role of sensitivity to external food cues in attentional allocation to food words on dot probe and Stroop tasks
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 5:3, s. 261-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of sensitivity of external food cues in producing attentional bias toward food-, body-weight-, and shape-related words on the Stroop and the dot probe tasks was examined. Contrary to expectations, individuals high in responsiveness to external food cues directed attention away from food words, whereas individuals low in responsiveness to external food cues directed their attention toward food words on the dot probe task. No significant differences were found between the groups high and low in sensitivity to external food cues for body words on the dot probe task or for food or body words on the Stroop task. Results are discussed with reference to theoretical views of differences between the Stroop and the dot probe tasks.
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| 9. |
- Palmeira, Lara, et al.
(författare)
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Can the impact of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating be weakened by one's decentering abilities?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15:3, s. 392-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decentering has been defined as the ability to deal with thoughts and emotions as subjective and ephemeral inner events. Since it implies a non-judging and present focused attitude towards thoughts and emotions, decentering has been considered as an important protective process against psychopathology, as it has been empirically shown to decrease depressive relapse rates. Nevertheless, its role in eating disordered attitudes and behaviours has not been fully uncovered.Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the moderator effect of decentering on the relationship between eating psychopathology and one of its main risk factors, body image dissatisfaction.The sample comprised 279 female students, aged between 14 and 21 years-old. Results revealed that decentering abilities were negatively linked to body image dissatisfaction and to the global score of eating psychopathology. Through a path analysis, the buffer effect of decentering was confirmed.The findings suggest that the ability to take a non-judgmental and accepting stance towards internal experiences diminishes the impact of one's body dissatisfaction on disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. This study seems especially pertinent since it uncovers a mechanism to lessen the pervasive impact of body image dissatisfaction, which is highly prevalent in women from Western societies.
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| 10. |
- Sairanen, Essi, et al.
(författare)
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Flexibility in weight management.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15:2, s. 218-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between changes in flexible vs. rigid restraints of eating during weight management, as well as how changes in the cognitive restraint of eating were related to psychological well-being and flexibility. The data includes information on 49 overweight persons who participated in a weight loss and maintenance (WLM) intervention and a follow-up assessment after 8-9 months. An increase in flexible cognitive restraint during the weight loss intervention was related to better weight loss maintenance and well-being. The more flexible restraint increased during the WLM intervention, the more psychological distress decreased. Moreover, larger reduction of rigid restraint during the follow-up period (between the WLM intervention and the follow-up assessment) was related to a better maintenance of improved psychological well-being at the follow-up endpoint. These results suggest that increasing flexible control while reducing rigid control of eating after an active weight loss phase improves success in weight management and the psychological well-being of weight losers.
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