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| 2. |
- Gurinović, Mirjana, et al.
(författare)
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Capacity development in food composition database management and nutritional research and education in Central and Eastern European, Middle Eastern and North African countries.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 64 Suppl 3, s. S134-S138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Capacity development (CD) in food and nutrition is much more than formal training and includes human resource development, and organisational, institutional and legal framework development with the aim of enhancing nutrition-relevant knowledge and skills to support infrastructural development. The goal of the European Food Information Resource (EuroFIR) Network of Excellence has been to develop and integrate food composition data throughout Europe. EuroFIR joined forces in CD with the United Nations (UN) University and UN System Standing Committee on Nutrition, the Network for Capacity Development in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, the Central and Eastern European Countries Food Data Systems network and with the Middle East and North African Capacity Building Initiative. The aim of this paper is to discuss an inventory of the status of food composition databases (FCDBs) and the training needs of compilers in non-EuroFIR countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and to present the CD achieved through EuroFIR and other network collaborations.SUBJECTS/METHODS: Two online questionnaires were created addressing the FCDB status and specific training needs in countries of the targeted regions. Data were collected during 2006-2008 and then analysed. Subsequently, CD activities were organised.RESULTS: Contacts were established in 19 CEE and 7 MENA countries, of which several had national food composition tables, but no electronic versions. Education, training, workshops, networking and the sharing of experiences were uniformly requested. Subsequently, CD activities in EuroFIR were organised focussing on food composition courses, exchange visits, workshops and individual training for PhD students, junior scientists and other staff categories, as well as conferences linked to food composition research and food information. To facilitate CD activities, EuroFIR has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia and Estonia.CONCLUSIONS: EuroFIR has created training activities that complement national activities. Collaboration with other networks has provided an overview of FCDB status and training needs, providing directions for CD activities in those countries. This provides a platform for new funding and further development and networking for CD, which would be conducive to European Commission objectives and public health strategies for CD.
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| 3. |
- Holmberg, Christopher, 1984
(författare)
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If You can't beat It–Use It: why and how clinicians need to consider social media in the treatment of adolescents with obesity
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 70:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a prevalent, costly and severe health concern among adolescents. Although the incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in countries such as the United States, France and Sweden seems to have plateaued in recent years, rates remain high. It is important to focus on adolescents as the probabilities of an obese child to develop into an obese adult are much higher than for a healthy weight child. One potent environmental factor influencing the rise in obesity is the pervasive presence of food and beverage marketing to young people. Today, much of the food marketing relies on social media, and adolescents are heavy users of social media. In countries such as the USA and Sweden, more than 70% of adolescents at ages 13–17 use a social media site on a daily basis. Food marketing in social media works through a range of mechanisms, and the sight of food elicits a variety of brain responses related to preparation for food intake, desire to eat and cognitive processes such as hedonic evaluation. Food advertisements is powerful as brain reactivity to visual food cues has been shown to predict future weight gain in adolescents and to predict snack consumption.
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| 4. |
- Kyrø, Cecilie, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of whole grains and plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations in relation to changes in anthropometry: the Danish diet, cancer and health cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 71, s. 944-952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Whole grain intake has been associated with a small but significant lower body weight gain in observational studies, but there is limited knowledge about the associations with specific whole grain types. The objective was to investigate the association between whole grains, different sources of whole grains and biomarkers of whole grain intake (alkylresorcinols) in relation to subsequent changes in waist circumference (WC) and body weight.SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cohort study of 57 053 participants with baseline information on whole grain intake from questionnaires (FFQ) and biomarkers of whole grain rye and wheat intake, plasma alkylresorcinols, for a subset. WC and body weight were measured at baseline and again at follow-up. The associations were estimated using multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression.RESULTS: For women, overall whole grain intake was not related to changes in WC or body weight. For men, total whole grain intake was associated with gains in WC (Delta WC per 25 g increment: 0.44 cm, 95% CI: 0.34 cm; 0.54 cm) and body weight (Delta weight per 25 g increment: 150 g, 95% CI: 78 g; 222 g), but the results changed to null or changed direction when adjusting for baseline anthropometry. For the different sources of whole grains, rye (women) and crispbread was significantly associated with gains in WC and body weight. Plasma alkylresorcinol concentration was associated with reduced WC, but not body weight, for women (Delta WC per 50 nmol/l increment: -0.69 cm, 95% CI: -1.26 cm; -0.13 cm), but no association was found for men.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, no strong relationship between whole grain intake, measured from questionnaires or using biomarkers was found in relation to changes in body weight and WC.
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| 5. |
- Landberg, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of plasma alkylresorcinol concentration in Danish post-menopausal women
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 65, s. 94-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Alkylresorcinols (AR), a group of phenolic lipids present in the outer parts of wheat and rye grain kernels, have been suggested as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake. In this study, we investigated potential determinants of plasma AR concentration in a free-living population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Non-fasting samples from post-menopausal women enrolled in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study (n = 360) were selected. Diet was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and the association between food items likely to contain AR and relevant non-dietary factors were studied by analysis of covariance models. RESULTS: The median AR concentration was 78 nmol/l (interquartile range = 106.9 nmol/l). Intake of rye bread, identified as the main determinant, was associated with 87% higher plasma total AR concentration per 100 g of bread (95% confidence interval = 46-139%). About 8-12% of the total variation (depending on the AR homologue) in plasma AR concentration was explained by the selected dietary variables. At a nutrient level, total dietary fiber and cereal fiber were significantly associated with plasma total AR concentration (P = 0.05), but only ≈2% of the total plasma AR concentration was explained by the dietary fiber or cereal fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population, AR plasma concentration was mainly affected by rye bread intake among investigated determinants
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| 6. |
- Landberg, Rikard, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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New alkylresorcinol metabolites in spot urine as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake in a Swedish middle-aged population
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 72:10, s. 1439-1446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives: Studies on the health effects of whole grains typically use self-reported intakes which are prone to large measurement errors. Dietary biomarkers that can provide an objective measure of intake are needed. New alkylresorcinol (AR) metabolites (3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA), 2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)acetic acid (DHBA-glycine) and 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid (DHPPTA)) in 24 h urine samples have been suggested as biomarkers for whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intake but remain to be evaluated in spot urine samples. Subjects/methods: The reproducibility of the new AR metabolites (DHCA, DHBA-glycine and DHPPTA) was investigated in 4 repeated samples over a period of 2 wk in spot urine from 40 Swedish men and women enroled in the SCAPIS-study, after adjustment of creatinine. Metabolite concentrations were correlated with total whole grain intake estimated during the same period. Results: The medium-term reproducibility determined for DHCA, DHPPTA and DHBA-glycine varied from moderate to excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.35–0.67). Moreover, DHCA and DHBA-glycine were independently associated with self-reported total WG intake (β = 0.18, P = 0.08 and β = 0.18, P = 0.02, respectively) and all metabolites except for DHPPA were higher among women. Conclusions: This study supports the idea of using AR metabolites in one or several spot urine samples as biomarkers of whole grain intake. These findings need to be confirmed in different populations.
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| 7. |
- Landberg, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of fasting plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations measured 4 months apart
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 64, s. 698-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: Alkylresorcinols (ARs) have been suggested as specific dietary biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Evaluation of long-term reliability in repeatedly collected samples in population-based studies is needed to assess whether plasma AR reflect long-term exposure and may be used to study exposure-disease relationships in large-scale epidemiologic studies. The objective of this study was to analyze the reliability (reproducibility) of AR concentrations in fasting plasma measured 4 months apart.Subjects/Methods:AR concentrations (C17:0, C19:0, C21:0, C23:0 and C25:0 and total ARs) were measured in fasting plasma samples from 100 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study with an interval of 4 months between blood sampling.Results:Fasting plasma AR concentrations were not significantly different between the first and second measurement over the 4-month period. Geometric means of total AR concentrations were 48.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 41.5-57.3) nmol/l at the first and 48.7 (95% CI 41.4-57.4) nmol/l at the second measurement (P = 0.99). The intraclass correlation coefficients for total AR concentrations were 0.42 (95% CI = 0.25-0.57) for all, 0.55 (95% CI 0.32-0.72) for women, and 0.17 (95% CI = -0.11-0.42) for men. Comparable results were obtained for the individual homologues.Conclusions:Overall, we observed moderate reliability in concentration of total AR and individual homologues over time, although reliability was weaker in men than in women. These findings should be taken into account when using AR as blood biomarkers for whole-grain intake in large-scale epidemiologic studies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 698-703; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.71; published online 26 May 2010
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| 8. |
- Lennernäs, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Influences on food choice perceived to be important by nationally-representative samples of adults in the European Union
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 51:Suppl. 2, s. S8-S15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this baseline survey was to obtain comparable data on perceived influences on food choice from EU member countries as the starting point for EU healthy eating promotion campaigns and programmes.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study in which quota-controlled, nationally-representative samples of approximately 1000 adults from each country completed a face-to-face interview-assisted questionnaire.SETTING: The survey was conducted between October 1995 and February 1996 in the 15 member states of the European Union.SUBJECTS: 14331 subjects (aged 15 y upwards) completed the questionnaire. Data were weighted by population size for each country and by sex, age and regional distribution within each member state.RESULTS: The five most important factors influencing consumers food choice were 'quality or freshness' (74%), 'price' (43%), 'taste' (38%), 'trying to eat healthy' (32%) and 'family preferences' (29%). Subjects in different categories (age, sex, education and employment status) selected different factors as having major influence on their food choice. Demographic factors seemed to have greater effects on perceived influences than culture (country): 'quality/freshness', 'price', 'trying to eat healthy', 'family preferences' seemed to be most important in women, 'taste' and 'habit' in males. Females and older and more educated subjects were more likely than other subjects to select 'trying to eat healthy' as having a major influence. 'Price' seemed most important in unemployed and retired subjects.
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| 9. |
- Manousou, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A Paleolithic-type diet results in iodine deficiency: a 2-year randomized trial in postmenopausal obese women.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 72:1, s. 124-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different diets are used for weight loss. A Paleolithic-type diet (PD) has beneficial metabolic effects, but two of the largest iodine sources, table salt and dairy products, are excluded. The objectives of this study were to compare 24-h urinary iodine concentration (24-UIC) in subjects on PD with 24-UIC in subjects on a diet according to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) and to study if PD results in a higher risk of developing iodine deficiency (ID), than NNR diet.A 2-year prospective randomized trial in a tertiary referral center where healthy postmenopausal overweight or obese women were randomized to either PD (n=35) or NNR diet (n=35). Dietary iodine intake, 24-UIC, 24-h urinary iodine excretion (24-UIE), free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured at baseline, 6 and 24 months. Completeness of urine sampling was monitored by para-aminobenzoic acid and salt intake by urinary sodium.At baseline, median 24-UIC (71.0 μg/l) and 24-UIE (134.0 μg/d) were similar in the PD and NNR groups. After 6 months, 24-UIC had decreased to 36.0 μg/l (P=0.001) and 24-UIE to 77.0 μg/d (P=0.001) in the PD group; in the NNR group, levels were unaltered. FT4, TSH and FT3 were similar in both groups, except for FT3 at 6 months being lower in PD than in NNR group.A PD results in a higher risk of developing ID, than a diet according to the NNR. Therefore, we suggest iodine supplementation should be considered when on a PD.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 13 September 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.134.
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