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- Choung, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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Serum Alkylresorcinols as Biomarkers of Dietary Gluten Exposure in Celiac disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: FASEB Journal. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 31:1, s. abstr. 315.4--
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Therapy for celiac disease (CD) mainly relies on following a gluten-free diet (GFD); however, a serum marker for gluten intake has yet to be established. Aims To evaluate the utility of alkylresorcinol concentrations for detecting gluten intake in studies of human and mouse. Methods Alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared among treated CD patients (n=34), untreated CD patients (n=36), and controls (n=33). Furthermore, 7 additional CD patients whose serum samples were available at diagnosis and after GFD were evaluated. In mice studies, alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared in the serum of 5 mice fed a regular chow and 10 mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow. In addition, the effect of adding gluten on changes of alkylresorcinol concentrations was also evaluated. Results Total alkylresorcinol concentrations were significantly lower in treated CD patients (median [IQR], 3 (2–8) nmol/L), compared to untreated CD patients (median [IQR], 32 [11–74] nmol/L; P<.0001) or healthy controls (median [IQR], 54 [23–112] nmol/L; P<.0001). Moreover, alkylresorcinol concentrations in CD patients significantly decreased after introduction of a GFD (median, 34 nmol/L at diagnosis vs. 5 nmol.L after GFD, p=0.02). In the mice, median (IQR) total alkylresorcinol concentrations in serum samples of mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow was 1.8 (1.6–2.3) nmol/L, which was further significantly increased to 16 (11–22) nmol/L after 8 days of feeding with the gluten free chow that had gluten added to it. (p=.008). Conclusion Serum alkylresorcinol concentrations could be a useful marker for dietary gluten in CD.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Magnus L., et al.
(författare)
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Artificial spider silk supports and guides neurite extension in vitro
- 2021
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 35:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical intervention with the use of autografts is considered the gold standard to treat peripheral nerve injuries. However, a biomaterial that supports and guides nerve growth would be an attractive alternative to overcome problems with limited availability, morbidity at the site of harvest, and nerve mismatches related to autografts. Native spider silk is a promising material for construction of nerve guidance conduit (NGC), as it enables regeneration of cm-long nerve injuries in sheep, but regulatory requirements for medical devices demand synthetic materials. Here, we use a recombinant spider silk protein (NT2RepCT) and a functionalized variant carrying a peptide derived from vitronectin (VN-NT2RepCT) as substrates for nerve growth support and neurite extension, using a dorsal root ganglion cell line, ND7/23. Two-dimensional coatings were benchmarked against poly-d-lysine and recombinant laminins. Both spider silk coatings performed as the control substrates with regards to proliferation, survival, and neurite growth. Furthermore, NT2RepCT and VN-NT2RepCT spun into continuous fibers in a biomimetic spinning set-up support cell survival, neurite growth, and guidance to an even larger extent than native spider silk. Thus, artificial spider silk is a promising biomaterial for development of NGCs.
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| 4. |
- Svärd, Anna, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Elastin levels are higher in healing tendons than in intact tendons and influence tissue compliance
- 2020
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 34:10, s. 13409-13418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elastic fibers containing elastin play an important role in tendon functionality, but the knowledge on presence and function of elastin during tendon healing is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate elastin content and distribution in intact and healing Achilles tendons and to understand how elastin influence the viscoelastic properties of tendons. The right Achilles tendon was completely transected in 81 Sprague-Dawley rats. Elastin content was quantified in intact and healing tendons (7, 14, and 28 days post-surgery) and elastin distribution was visualized by immunohistochemistry at 14 days post-surgery. Degradation of elastin by elastase incubation was used to study the role of elastin on viscoelastic properties. Mechanical testing was either performed as a cyclic test (20x 10 N) or as a creep test. We found significantly higher levels of elastin in healing tendons at all time-points compared to intact tendons (4% in healing tendons 28 days post-surgery vs 2% in intact tendons). The elastin was more widely distributed throughout the extracellular matrix in the healing tendons in contrast to the intact tendon where the distribution was not so pronounced. Elastase incubation reduced the elastin levels by approximately 30% and led to a 40%-50% reduction in creep. This reduction was seen in both intact and healing tendons. Our results show that healing tendons contain more elastin and is more compliable than intact tendons. The role of elastin in tendon healing and tissue compliance indicates a protective role of elastic fibers to prevent re-injuries during early tendon healing. Plain Language Summary Tendons transfer high loads from muscles to bones during locomotion. They are primarily made by the protein collagen, a protein that provide strength to the tissues. Besides collagen, tendons also contain other building blocks such as, for example, elastic fibers. Elastic fibers contain elastin and elastin is important for the extensibility of the tendon. When a tendon is injured and ruptured the tissue heals through scar formation. This scar tissue is different from a normal intact tendon and it is important to understand how the tendons heal. Little is known about the presence and function of elastin during healing of tendon injuries. We have shown, in animal experiments, that healing tendons have higher amounts of elastin compared to intact tendons. The elastin is also spread throughout the tissue. When we reduced the levels of this protein, we discovered altered mechanical properties of the tendon. The healing tendon can normally extend quite a lot, but after elastin removal this extensibility was less obvious. The ability of the healing tissue to extend is probably important to protect the tendon from re-injuries during the first months after rupture. We therefore propose that the tendons heal with a large amount of elastin to prevent re-ruptures during early locomotion.
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