| 1. |
- Alsaker, S, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation and Meaning: Narrative in Everyday Activities of Women With Chronic Rheumatic Conditions
- 2010
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Ingår i: OTJR-OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492. ; 30:2, s. 58-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This ethnographic study explored how processes of meaning take place in the everyday activities of women with chronic rheumatic conditions. Using the French philosopher Ricoeur's theory of narrative in action, the results showed how processes of meaning were closely linked to action and how the participants enacted possible meaning-related stories in their everyday lives. When enacting meaning, the women linked together events in ways that varied according to the situation. Thus, the enacted processes of meaning were not goal directed or clear but rather complex processes embedded in the women's network of cultural activity. Sometimes they enacted meaning as part of a complete story; at other times, meaning appeared as fragments with unclear connections. The results were relevant for occupational science and occupational therapy because the women's everyday activities functioned as interpretative spaces providing opportunities for “trying out” significant issues of meaning and to communicate with their social and material worlds.
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| 2. |
- Das Neves, Bonnie, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Encounters : The Interpersonal Impact of Bus Drivers' Engagement With Disabled Passengers
- 2024
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Ingår i: OTJR (Thorofare, N.J.). - : Sage Publications. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether mundane or meaningful, interpersonal encounters are prerequisites for (and have a significant impact on) many occupations. This study sought to understand the interpersonal impact and occupational relevance of encounters, through exploring encounters between bus drivers and disabled passengers. The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model was applied as part of a Framework Analysis, separately examining bus driver and disabled passenger data. The Interpersonal-Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (I-PEOP) Model prototype was then developed to enable simultaneous exploration of the factors impacting such encounters. Application of the I-PEOP and PEOP Models found encounters between bus drivers and disabled passengers were pivotal to the exclusion or inclusion of disabled passengers in their communities. Understanding the occupational relevance of encounters, and the factors that determine their interpersonal impact, prompts occupational therapists to identify and address how intersectionality, power dynamics, occupational roles, and inter-perceptions impact an individual's community mobility and inclusion. The Impact of Bus Drivers' Encounters With Disabled PassengersWherever we go, we meet people. We might smile at a baby in a pram, order coffee, or ask someone the time at the bus stop. These can be called "encounters," little moments with strangers. Sometimes these encounters may help or stop people from doing things they need or want to do, or from feeling included in their community. Researchers wanted to know more about encounters between bus drivers and disabled passengers. So, they asked bus drivers and disabled passengers questions about their encounters. The researchers then mapped out drivers' and passengers' answers to try to better understand their encounters using a "model" called the Interpersonal-Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model. This model helps people look at how their individual and shared experiences overlap. Encounters greatly impact people, so it would be good to learn more about them in the future.
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| 3. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament, character, and self-esteem in relation to occupational performance in individuals with schizophrenia
- 2007
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Ingår i: OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health. - 1539-4492. ; 27:2, s. 52-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupational therapy researchers have tried to clarify the links between occupation and statelike characteristics, such as people's experienced health, disability, and quality of life. However, to fully examine the spectrum of potential influences on occupation, trait-like features should also be investigated. This study focused on personality and self-related factors, in terms of temperament, character, and se-esteem, and how these influenced certain facets of daily occupation (activity level, occupational engagement, and satisfaction with daily occupations) in 72 adults with schizophrenia. Trait properties were associated with different facets of daily occupation. Self-esteem and the temperament dimension "persistence" explained most of the variance in both activity level and occupational engagement, whereas the character dimension "self-directedness" accounted for most of the variance in satisfaction with daily occupations. Thus, both the character and self aspects, regarded as influenced by social learning and developing over time, and the temperament dimensions, regarded as innate traits that are stable over time, exhibited such relationships. The findings highlight the role of people's trait-like properties in relation to their capacity for occupational performance, an area that has been addressed in theoretical discussions but needs to be further explored in empirical studies. If the findings of this study can be replicated in future studies, the effect of personality on occupational performance should be carefully considered in occupational therapy practice.
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| 4. |
- Erikson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Place Integration Through Daily Activities 1 Year After Stroke
- 2010
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Ingår i: OTJR-OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492. ; 30:2, s. 68-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Actions link meaning to particular places over time. This study examined how familiar places, in turn, inspired or influenced actions in the rehabilitation process for individuals who had experienced stroke. The aim of this study was to describe the meanings of actions in different places during 1 year of rehabilitation after stroke. The interview data were longitudinal and collected on four occasions during the first year after stroke (e.g., at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). Seven categories emerged from the data analysis using a constant comparative method: (1) workplace in mind, (2) experiences at home enabling reflection, (3) rehabilitation setting creates uncertainty, (4) retrieving inspiration from familiar places, (5) matching the complexity of tasks across places, (6) understanding the reality by confrontation, and (7) on the way to place integration. From these themes, a core or overarching theme emerged: the desire for place integration inspires engagement in rehabilitation. The central finding in this study revealed a strong relationship between the desire to be reintegrated into familiar places, such as work and home, and motivation to engage in rehabilitation. Further, this desire for place integration was a constant driving force over the year that motivated the participants to find activities on their own that matched the task demands at their workplaces.
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| 5. |
- Erikson, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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The lived experience of memory impairment in daily occupation after acquired brain injury
- 2007
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Ingår i: OTJR (Thorofare, N.J.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383. ; 27:3, s. 84-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to identify what characterized the lived experience of memory impairment in daily occupations during the first year after acquired brain injury. Four participants were interviewed on four occasions during the year after the brain injury. The data were collected and analyzed using the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method. The findings revealed four main characteristics that described the individual's experiences during the year of rehabilitation: a chaotic life-world, struggling for coherent doing in new contexts, conscious strategies in new contexts, and achieving new habits. After the brain injury, the life-world changed from a taken-for-granted existence to a chaotic world that was difficult to understand. The routine performance of daily activities and the habit patterns had broken down, so it was mostly the familiar activities that were already integrated in the ""habit-body"" that enabled coherent doings in everyday life during the year. The findings contribute to an understanding of how to use familiar and meaningful occupations as a therapeutic medium in the rehabilitation of clients with memory impairment following acquired brain injury.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla M., et al.
(författare)
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Occupations of Older Adults : A Cross Cultural Description
- 2011
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Ingår i: OTJR (Thorofare, N.J.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383. ; 31:4, s. 182-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participation in everyday occupations influences people's health and well-being. To enable individuals to do the activities they want and need to do is the main concern of occupational therapy practice. Many daily occupations are universal, but they also depend on culture. The development of the Activity Card Sort in eight countries has offered the opportunity to describe occupations across cultures. In the developmental process of culturally relevant versions of the Activity Card Sort by occupational therapists in each country, the instrument versions included samples of older adults (N = 468). These data are used in the current description with the aim of identifying central activities across cultures and central activities for Asian and Western cultures. Ten activities were identified as being central across cultures (i.e., more than half of the older adults in all eight countries performed them). They were the following: shopping in a store, doing grocery shopping, doing dishes, doing laundry, reading books or magazines, sitting and thinking, watching television, listening to radio or music, visiting with friends and relatives, and talking on the telephone. Further, 16 additional activities central to Asian culture and 18 activities central to Western culture were identified. The identification of central activities deepens knowledge of activities with cultural significance. This knowledge is needed in clinical practice and multicultural research. This description provides a starting point for further exploration of everyday occupations among older adults.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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The Meaning of Occupational Gaps in Everyday Life in the First Year After Stroke
- 2010
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Ingår i: OTJR (Thorofare, N.J.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383. ; 30:4, s. 184-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal study identified how occupational gaps were characterized in people's lived experiences of performing everyday occupations during the first year after stroke. Four participants were interviewed four times during the year after stroke. The data were collected and analyzed using the Empirical, Phenomenological, Psychological method. Five main characteristics were identified: (1) encountering occupational gaps in formerly taken-for-granted activities, (2) striving to narrow gaps in desired occupations, (3) recognizing oneself in doing, (4) searching for a new sense of self through doing, and (5) creating strategies to enable doing. The findings show the importance of being able to preserve some sense of self in everyday doings after a life course disruption caused by stroke. Important implications for clinical practice include sensitivity to clients' experiences during this process, enablement of experiences in occupations promoting recognition, and support of clients in recapturing desired occupations.
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| 8. |
- Fallahpour, M, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Gaps in Everyday Life After Stroke and the Relation to Functioning and Perceived Life Satisfaction
- 2011
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Ingår i: OTJR-OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492. ; 31:4, s. 200-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Persian version of the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ-P) and LiSat-11 checklist, and to describe occupational gaps after stroke and their relation to aspects of functioning and perceived life satisfaction. A total of 102 individuals who had experienced a stroke were assessed for their occupational gaps, aspects of functioning, and life satisfaction. Psychometric analyses of the Persian versions of the OGQ and LiSat-11 were completed and the measures were applied for using univariate and multivariate analyses. The results provided evidence of internal scale validity, person response validity, and sensitivity for the instruments. The participants perceived the most common occupational gaps in “helping and supporting others.” Furthermore, perceived physical function including activities of daily living ability, motor function, and perceived life satisfaction were the most influential variables for the prediction of occupational gaps. It is essential to address the occupations such as “helping and supporting others” that are important from an individual perspective but overlooked in rehabilitation. A combination of physical function, motor function, and life satisfaction can predict occupational gaps after stroke.
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| 9. |
- Fan, Chia-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Clinical Vocational Rehabilitation Outcome Measurement: The Assessment of Work Performance (AWP)
- 2013
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Ingår i: OTJR (Thorofare, N.J.). - : Slack. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383. ; 33:3, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the validity and reliability of the Assessment of Work Performance (AWP) using Rasch analysis. The AWP was administered to 365 clients with a variety of work-related problems. Rasch analysis and principal component analysis were used to examine the appropriateness of the rating scales and unidimensionality of AWP items. The person-response validity, internal consistency, targeting appropriateness, and differential item function were also analyzed. The Rasch analysis confirmed the 4-point rating scale, and the item set met the criteria of unidimensionality. The AWP exhibited satisfactory person-response validity and internal consistency. Among the three subdomains, the targeting of item-difficulty was sufficient in the motor skills and process skills subdomains. Differential item functioning was found across gender and diagnoses. This study presented evidence to support that the AWP functioned as a reliable and valid assessment in assessing work performance.
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| 10. |
- Farias, L, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholders' Expectations of Return-to-Work After Spinal Cord Injury: A 1-Year Follow-Up
- 2023
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Ingår i: OTJR : occupation, participation and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1938-2383 .- 1539-4492. ; 43:2, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the process of return-to-work is key to supporting people’s social participation and health after a disability. This phenomenographic study aimed to explore the expectations and ways of understanding return-to-work from the perspectives of three stakeholder types: three workers with spinal cord injuries, their employers, and an occupational therapist coordinator. Participants were interviewed twice, at 6 and 12 months, after having participated in a research-based return-to-work intervention in Sweden. A phenomenographic approach was used to analyze the data. The findings highlight how stakeholders’ different expectations prevented them from openly discussing more flexible arrangements to make return-to-work viable and sustainable. The study contributes to occupational therapy practice by raising awareness of the challenges of work reintegration. It also adds to the body of knowledge in occupational science by illuminating how normative social expectations and policy concerning work/productivity influence the return-to-work process.
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