| 1. |
- Alosco, Michael L, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid tau, Aβ, and sTREM2 in Former National Football League Players: Modeling the relationship between repetitive head impacts, microglial activation, and neurodegeneration.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 14:9, s. 1159-1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein analysis may facilitate detection and elucidate mechanisms of neurological consequences from repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. We examined CSF concentrations of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β1-42 and their association with RHI in former National Football League (NFL) players. The role of microglial activation (using sTREM2) was examined as a pathogenic mechanism of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Sixty-eight former NFL players and 21 controls underwent lumbar puncture to quantify t-tau, p-tau181, amyloid β1-42, and sTREM2 in the CSF using immunoassays. The cumulative head impact index estimated RHI.No between-group differences for CSF analytes emerged. In the former NFL players, the cumulative head impact index predicted higher t-tau concentrations (P=.041), and higher sTREM2 levels were associated with higher t-tau concentrations (P=.009).In this sample of former NFL players, greater RHI and increased microglial activation were associated with higher CSF t-tau concentrations.
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| 2. |
- Antonell, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Synaptic, axonal damage and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative dementias.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 16:2, s. 262-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synaptic damage, axonal neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation are common features in Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).Unicentric cohort of 353 participants included healthy control (HC) subjects, AD continuum stages, genetic AD and FTD, and FTD and CJD. We measured cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (NF-L), neurogranin (Ng), 14-3-3, and YKL-40 proteins.Biomarkers showed differences in HC subjects versus AD, FTD, and CJD. Disease groups differed between them except AD versus FTD for YKL-40. Only NF-L differed between all stages within the AD continuum. AD and FTD symptomatic mutation carriers presented differences with respect to HC subjects. Applying the AT(N) system, 96% subjects were positive for neurodegeneration if 14-3-3 was used, 94% if NF-L was used, 62% if Ng was used, and 53% if YKL-40 was used.Biomarkers of synapse and neurodegeneration differentiate HC subjects from neurodegenerative dementias and between AD, FTD, and CJD. NF-L and 14-3-3 performed similar to total tau when AT(N) system was applied.
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| 3. |
- Ashton, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma and CSF biomarkers in a memory clinic: Head-to-head comparison of phosphorylated tau immunoassays
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:5, s. 1913-1924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Direct comparisons of the main blood phosphorylated tau immunoassays in memory clinic populations are needed to understand possible differences. Methods In the BIODEGMAR study, 197 participants presenting with cognitive complaints were classified into an Alzheimer's disease (AD) or a non-AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile group, according to their amyloid beta 42/ phosphorylated tau (A beta 42/p-tau) ratio. We performed a head-to-head comparison of nine plasma and nine CSF tau immunoassays and determined their accuracy to discriminate abnormal CSF A beta 42/p-tau ratio. Results All studied plasma tau biomarkers were significantly higher in the AD CSF profile group compared to the non-AD CSF profile group and significantly discriminated abnormal CSF A beta 42/p-tau ratio. For plasma p-tau biomarkers, the higher discrimination accuracy was shown by Janssen p-tau217 (r = 0.76; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.96), ADx p-tau181 (r = 0.73; AUC = 0.94), and Lilly p-tau217 (r = 0.73; AUC = 0.94). Discussion Several plasma p-tau biomarkers can be used in a specialized memory clinic as a stand-alone biomarker to detect biologically-defined AD. Highlights Patients with an Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid (AD CSF) profile have higher plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels than the non-AD CSF profile group. All plasma p-tau biomarkers significantly discriminate patients with an AD CSF profile from the non-AD CSF profile group. Janssen p-tau217, ADx p-tau181, and Lilly p-tau217 in plasma show the highest accuracy to detect biologically defined AD. Janssen p-tau217, ADx p-tau181, Lilly p-tau217, Lilly p-tau181, and UGot p-tau231 in plasma show performances that are comparable to their CSF counterparts.
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| 4. |
- Baldacci, Filippo, et al.
(författare)
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Two-level diagnostic classification using cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40 in Alzheimer's disease.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 13:9, s. 993-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) YKL-40 in discriminating (1) clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) from cognitively healthy controls (HCs) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (level I) and (2) patients stratified by different pathophysiological profiles from HCs and FTD following a novel unbiased/descriptive categorization based on CSF biomarkers, independent of cognitive impairment severity (level II).YKL-40 was compared among HCs (n=21), mild cognitive impairment (n=41), AD (n=35), and FTD (n=9) (level I) and among HCs (n=21), AD pathophysiology (tau and amyloid-β) negative (n=15), tau positive (n=15), amyloid-β positive (n=13), AD pathophysiology positive (n=33), and FTD (n=9) (level II).Level I: YKL-40 discriminated AD from HC and FTD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUROCs]=0.69, 0.71). Level II: YKL-40 discriminated tau-positive individuals and AD pathophysiology-positive individuals from HC, AD pathophysiology-positive patients from FTD (AUROCs=0.76, 0.72, 0.73).YKL-40 demonstrates fair performance in distinguishing tau-positive patients from HCs, suggesting it may aid clinical diagnosis and support a biomarker-guided pathophysiological stratification.
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| 5. |
- Bellaver, B., et al.
(författare)
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Blood-brain barrier integrity impacts the use of plasma amyloid-beta as a proxy of brain amyloid-beta pathology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:9, s. 3815-3825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Amyloid-beta (A beta) and tau can be quantified in blood. However, biological factors can influence the levels of brain-derived proteins in the blood. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates protein transport between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. BBB altered permeability might affect the relationship between brain and blood biomarkers.METHODS We assessed 224 participants in research (TRIAD, n = 96) and clinical (BIODEGMAR, n = 128) cohorts with plasma and CSF/positron emission tomography A beta, p-tau, and albumin measures.RESULTS Plasma A beta(42/40) better identified CSF A beta(42/40) and A beta-PET positivity in individuals with high BBB permeability. An interaction between plasma A beta(42/40) and BBB permeability on CSF A beta(42/40) was observed. Voxel-wise models estimated that the association of positron emission tomography (PET), with plasma A beta was most affected by BBB permeability in AD-related brain regions. BBB permeability did not significantly impact the relationship between brain and plasma p-tau levels.DISCUSSION These findings suggest that BBB integrity may influence the performance of plasma A beta, but not p-tau, biomarkers in research and clinical settings.
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| 6. |
- Bilgel, M., et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal changes in Alzheimer's-related plasma biomarkers and brain amyloid
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:10, s. 4335-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTIONUnderstanding longitudinal plasma biomarker trajectories relative to brain amyloid changes can help devise Alzheimer's progression assessment strategies. METHODSWe examined the temporal order of changes in plasma amyloid-beta ratio (A beta 42/A beta 40${{\rm A}\beta }_{42}/{{\rm A}\beta }_{40}$), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and phosphorylated tau ratios (p-tau181/A beta 42$\text{p-tau181}/\mathrm{A}{\beta}_{42}$, p-tau231/A beta 42$\text{p-tau231}/\mathrm{A}{\beta}_{42}$) relative to C-11-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) cortical amyloid burden (PiB-/+). Participants (n = 199) were cognitively normal at index visit with a median 6.1-year follow-up. RESULTSPiB groups exhibited different rates of longitudinal change in A beta 42/A beta 40(beta=5.41x10-4,SE=1.95x10-4,p=0.0073)${{\rm A}\beta }_{42}/{{\rm A}\beta }_{40}\ ( {\beta \ = \ 5.41 \times {{10}}<^>{ - 4},{\rm{\ SE\ }} = \ 1.95 \times {{10}}<^>{ - 4},\ p\ = \ 0.0073} )$. Change in brain amyloid correlated with change in GFAP (r = 0.5, 95% CI = [0.26, 0.68]). The greatest relative decline in A beta 42/A beta 40${{\rm A}\beta }_{42}/{{\rm A}\beta }_{40}$ (-1%/year) preceded brain amyloid positivity by 41 years (95% CI = [32, 53]). DISCUSSIONPlasma A beta 42/A beta 40${{\rm A}\beta }_{42}/{{\rm A}\beta }_{40}$ may begin declining decades prior to brain amyloid accumulation, whereas p-tau ratios, GFAP, and NfL increase closer in time.
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| 7. |
- Biskaduros, Adrienne, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal trajectories of Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and blood pressure in cognitively healthy subjects
- 2024
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Ingår i: ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 20:7, s. 4389-4400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: We examined whether hypertension (HTN) was associated with Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and how changes in blood pressure (BP) related to changes in CSF biomarkers over time. METHODS: A longitudinal observation of cognitively healthy normotensive subjects (n = 134, BP < 140/90, with no antihypertensive medication), controlled HTN (n = 36, BP < 140/90, taking antihypertensive medication), and 35 subjects with uncontrolled HTN (BP >= 140/90). The follow-up range was 0.5to15.6 years. RESULTS: Total tau (T-tau) and phospho-tau181 (P-tau 181) increased in all but controlled HTN subjects (groupxtime interaction: p < 0.05 for both), but no significant A beta 42 changes were seen. Significant BP reduction was observed in uncontrolled HTN, and it was related to increase in T-tau (p = 0.001) and P-tau 181 (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Longitudinal increases in T-tau and P-tau 181 were observed in most subjects; however, only uncontrolled HTN had both markers increase alongside BP reductions. We speculate cumulative vascular injury renders the brain susceptible to relative hypoperfusion with BP reduction.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Blennow, Kaj, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 11:1, s. 58-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed to show any effect on disease progression in clinical trials, conceivably because the AD subjects are already too advanced to derive clinical benefit from treatment and because diagnosis based on clinical criteria alone introduces a high misdiagnosis rate. Thus, well-validated biomarkers for early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial. Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) peptide, in combination with high total tau and phosphorylated tau, are sensitive and specific biomarkers highly predictive of progression to AD dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment. However, interlaboratory variations in the results seen with currently available immunoassays are of concern. Recent worldwide standardization efforts and quality control programs include standard operating procedures for both preanalytical (e.g., lumbar puncture and sample handling) and analytical (e.g., preparation of calibration curve) procedures. Efforts are also ongoing to develop highly reproducible assays on fully automated instruments. These global standardization and harmonization measures will provide the basis for the generalized international application of CSF biomarkers for both clinical trials and routine clinical diagnosis of AD.
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| 10. |
- Bos, I., et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration, synaptic integrity, and astroglial activation across the clinical Alzheimer's disease spectrum
- 2019
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 15:5, s. 644-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: We investigated relations between amyloid-beta (A beta) status, apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4, and cognition, with cerebrospinal fluid markers of neurogranin (Ng), neurofilament light (NFL), YKL-40, and total tau (T-tau). Methods: We included 770 individuals with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type dementia from the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study. We tested the association of Ng, NFL, YKL-40, and T-tau with A beta status (Ab beta- vs. A beta+), clinical diagnosis APOE epsilon 4 carriership, baseline cognition, and change in cognition. Results: Ng and T-tau distinguished between A beta+ from A beta- individuals in each clinical group, whereas NFL and YKL-40 were associated with A beta+ in nondemented individuals only. APOE epsilon 4 carriership did not influence NFL, Ng, and YKL-40 in A beta+ individuals. NFL was the best predictor of cognitive decline in A beta+ individuals across the cognitive spectrum. Discussion: Axonal degeneration, synaptic dysfunction, astroglial activation, and altered tau metabolism are involved already in preclinical AD. NFL may be a useful prognostic marker. (C) 2019 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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