| 1. |
- Halmøy, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational outcome in adult ADHD: impact of symptom profile, comorbid psychiatric problems, and treatment: a cross-sectional study of 414 clinically diagnosed adult ADHD patients.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 13:2, s. 175-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of symptom profile, comorbid psychiatric problems, and treatment on occupational outcome in adult ADHD patients. METHOD: Adult ADHD patients (N = 414) responded to questionnaires rating past and present symptoms of ADHD, comorbid conditions, treatment history, and work status. RESULTS: Of the patients, 24% reported being in work, compared to 79% in a population-based control group (N = 359). Combined subtype of ADHD, substance abuse, and a reported history of depression or anxiety were correlated with being out of work. Current and past medical treatment of ADHD was correlated with being in work. Logistic regression analyses showed that stimulant therapy during childhood was the strongest predictor for being in work as adults (odds ratio = 3.2, p = .014). CONCLUSION: Early recognition and treatment of ADHD is a strong predictor of being in work as an adult, independently of comorbidity, substance abuse, and current treatment.
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| 2. |
- Hult, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD and the QbTest: Diagnostic Validity of QbTest.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 22:11, s. 1074-1080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We assess the diagnostic accuracy of the QbTest, which measures the cardinal symptoms of ADHD. METHOD: The study group comprised 182 children (mean age about 10 years), of whom 124 had ADHD and 58 had other clinical diagnosis of which 81% had ASD. RESULTS: Only QbTest parameters for inattention and hyperactivity differentiated between ADHD and other clinical diagnoses at the p ≤ .01 level, not for measures of impulsivity. Sensitivity ranged from 47% to 67% and specificity from 72% to 84%. Positive predictive value ranged from 41% to 86%, and negative predictive value from 43% to 86%. Area under the curve varied from .70 to .80. CONCLUSION: The ability of the individual QbTest parameters to identify ADHD was moderate. The test's ability to discriminate between ADHD subtypes was unsatisfactory.
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| 3. |
- Johnson, Mats, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in children and adolescents.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:5, s. 394-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to assess omega 3/6 fatty acids (eye q) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: The study included a randomized, 3-month, omega 3/6 placebo-controlled, one-way crossover trial with 75 children and adolescents (8–18 years), followed by 3 months with omega 3/6 for all. Investigator-rated ADHD Rating Scale–IV and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale were outcome measures. Results: A majority did not respond to omega 3/6 treatment. However, a subgroup of 26% responded with more than 25% reduction of ADHD symptoms and a drop of CGI scores to the near-normal range. After 6 months, 47% of all showed such improvement. Responders tended to have ADHD inattentive subtype and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusion: A subgroup of children and adolescents with ADHD, characterized by inattention and associated neurodevelopmental disorders, treated with omega 3/6 fatty acids for 6 months responded with meaningful reduction of ADHD symptoms.
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| 4. |
- Johnson, Mats, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Open-label trial of atomoxetine hydrochloride in adults with ADHD.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 13:5, s. 539-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: While atomoxetine is an established treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children, few studies have examined its efficacy for adults. Methods: Open-label trial of atomoxetine in 20 individuals with ADHD, aged 19-47 years, for 10 weeks, and a total of one year for responders. Results: Ten patients met primary efficacy criteria at 10 weeks. Only one patient completed the whole study. Six patients discontinued before 10 weeks and thirteen at 10 weeks or later, mainly because of side-effects (aggression, depressed mood, raised liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, diastolic blood pressure), decreasing efficacy or non-compliance. Conclusion: Fifty percent responded to treatment, but only one patient (5%) felt sufficient improvement to continue for one year. Dosage may have been too low, and baseline impairment too high, for atomoxetine to have sufficient effect on ADHD symptoms in our group of adults. The majority had few side-effects, but several terminated treatment because of adverse effects.
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| 5. |
- Kopp, Svenny, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Girls With Social and/or Attention Deficit Re-Examined in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study of Diagnostic Stability, Daily Life Functioning and Social Situation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 27:8, s. 830-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Investigate diagnostic stability, daily life functioning and social situation in women diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD in childhood. Methods: Prospective 17 to 20-year follow-up study of 100 girls of whom 92 diagnosed in childhood with main DSM-IV ADHD or ASD, and 60 comparison girls. Ninety and 54 of these women were examined (M = 27, 4 years old) with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, close relatives were interviewed. Results: At follow-up, 89% of women with ADHD or ASD in childhood still met the criteria for either of these diagnoses. Very few women were “in remission.” In 34% the main diagnosis shifted from ADHD to ASD. Women with ADHD and ASD had significantly more disability and unfavorable social situation than comparison women. Conclusion: Women with ADHD and/or ASD in childhood had impairing problems 17 to 20 years later. Early ADHD changed to ASD in adulthood in some cases. Nearly all with ASD met criteria for ADHD as adults.
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| 6. |
- Kopp, Svenny, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Girls with social and/or attention deficits: a descriptive study of 100 clinic attenders.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 14:2, s. 167-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Examine clinical correlates and distinguishing features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), ADHD, and tic disorders in girls referred for social impairment, attention/academic deficits, and/or tics. Method: One hundred 3- to 18-year-old girls referred for social impairment and attention symptoms were assessed in detail. Sixty of these girls, 7 to 16 years of age (IQ >/= 80) were compared with age-matched girls (IQ >/= 80) from the community. Results: Main diagnoses of ASD, ADHD, tic disorders, and "other psychiatric disorder" were made in 46, 46, 3, and 5, respectively, of the referred girls. The ASD and ADHD groups (mean age at diagnosis 8.8 and 13.0 years, respectively) had the same types and high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. Girls with ASD had more problems with global functioning and adaptive levels of daily living skills than girls with ADHD. Differences between these girls referred for investigation and the community sample of girls were very considerable across a range of factors. Conclusions: Girls referred for social and/or attention deficits usually meet diagnostic criteria for either ASD or ADHD. They have severe psychiatric comorbidities and low global levels of functioning.
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| 7. |
- Lundervold, Astri J, et al.
(författare)
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Attention Deficits in Children With Combined Autism and ADHD: A CPT Study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 20:7, s. 599-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate characteristics of attention in children with the combination of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD. Method: Four groups of 8- to 10-year-old children were compared on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-Second Edition (CCPT-II): (a) ASD + ADHD (n = 11), (b) ASD only (n = 9), (c) ADHD only (n = 38), and (d) no diagnosis (n = 134). Results: There was an overall effect of group on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) index and measures of hit reaction time, accuracy, response style, variability, and consistency. The ASD + ADHD group, much like the ADHD only group, had a more risky response style, a higher variability, and a lower consistency than the ASD only group. The impact of intellectual function on CCPT-II performance was considerable in children within the ASD subgroups. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of including measures of attention and intellectual function when assessing children with the combination of ASD and ADHD.
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| 8. |
- Nydén, Agneta, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term psychosocial and health economy consequences of ADHD, autism, and reading-writing disorder: a prospective service evaluation project.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:2, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate psychosocial, societal, and family cost consequences of a psychoeducational intervention program. METHODS: Sixty boys with ADHD, Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism (AS/HFA), and reading and writing disorder (RD/WD) were allocated to participate in a service evaluation project. Every other boy in each diagnostic group was randomly allocated to receive either (a) a special education program (clinical index group) or (b) follow-up without the special education program (clinical comparison group). Nine years after initial assessments the stability of the psychosocial and economic resource consequences over time was studied. RESULTS: ADHD, AS/HFA, and RD/WD all had severe impact on family life quality. The societal costs were high, but no significant differences in resource use or in total costs were found between the clinical index and the comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results underscore the very long-term need for support including individually tailored reevaluations and carefully monitored intervention programs adapted to family needs and severity of child disorder.
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| 9. |
- Pinto, Carmen, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD and infant disorganized attachment: a prospective study of children next-born after stillbirth.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 10:1, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine whether infant disorganized attachment predicts ADHD at school age. METHOD: A cohort of 53 children who had been identified as having significant levels of disorganized attachment in infancy is compared to a control group. Symptoms and signs of ADHD at age 7 are evaluated together with a range of relevant maternal variables. RESULTS: An association is found between infant disorganized attachment scores and teacher-rated symptoms of ADHD (but not ADHD caseness). Probable ADHD caseness in the child is associated with self-rated retrospective ADHD scores in mothers. Possible ADHD caseness is associated with a measure of unresolved mourning in mothers. Mother-rated ADHD in the child was associated with low overall maternal psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSION: The finding of a link between scores for disorganized attachment at 1 year and later teacher-rated symptoms of ADHD suggests the need for further studies.
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| 10. |
- Reilly, Colin, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Parent- and Teacher-Reported Symptoms of ADHD in School-Aged Children With Active Epilepsy: A Population-Based Study.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 21:11, s. 887-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Provide data on the distribution of parent- and teacher-reported symptoms of ADHD in childhood epilepsy and describe coexisting cognitive and behavioral disorders in children with both epilepsy and ADHD. METHOD: Eighty-five (74% of those eligible) children (5-15 years) in a population-based sample with active epilepsy underwent psychological assessment. The ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scale was completed by parents (n = 69) and teachers (n = 67) of participating children with an IQ > 34. ADHD was diagnosed with respect to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.). RESULTS: Parents reported significantly more symptoms of ADHD than teachers (p < .001). Symptoms of inattention were more commonly reported than symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity (p < .001). Neurobehavioral comorbidity was similar in those with ADHD and non-ADHD with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD), which were more common in those with both epilepsy and ADHD. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of ADHD are very common in childhood epilepsy but prevalence is influenced by informant.
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