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- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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BROCCOLI : Software for fast fMRI analysis on many-core CPUs and GPUs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. - : Progressive Frontiers Press. - 1662-5196. ; 8:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is becoming ever more computationally demanding as temporal and spatial resolutions improve, and large, publicly available data sets proliferate. Moreover, methodological improvements in the neuroimaging pipeline, such as non-linear spatial normalization, non-parametric permutation tests and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approaches, can dramatically increase the computational burden. Despite these challenges, there do not yet exist any fMRI software packages which leverage inexpensive and powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) to perform these analyses. Here, we therefore present BROCCOLI, a free software package written in OpenCL (Open Computing Language) that can be used for parallel analysis of fMRI data on a large variety of hardware configurations. BROCCOLI has, for example, been tested with an Intel CPU, an Nvidia GPU, and an AMD GPU. These tests show that parallel processing of fMRI data can lead to significantly faster analysis pipelines. This speedup can be achieved on relatively standard hardware, but further, dramatic speed improvements require only a modest investment in GPU hardware. BROCCOLI (running on a GPU) can perform non-linear spatial normalization to a 1 mm3 brain template in 4–6 s, and run a second level permutation test with 10,000 permutations in about a minute. These non-parametric tests are generally more robust than their parametric counterparts, and can also enable more sophisticated analyses by estimating complicated null distributions. Additionally, BROCCOLI includes support for Bayesian first-level fMRI analysis using a Gibbs sampler. The new software is freely available under GNU GPL3 and can be downloaded from github (https://github.com/wanderine/BROCCOLI/).
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| 2. |
- Gu, Xuan, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Six Phase Encoding Based Susceptibility Distortion Correction Methods for Diffusion MRI
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5196. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Susceptibility distortions impact diffusion MRI data analysis and is typically corrected during preprocessing. Correction strategies involve three classes of methods: registration to a structural image, the use of a fieldmap, or the use of images acquired with opposing phase encoding directions. It has been demonstrated that phase encoding based methods outperform the other two classes, but unfortunately, the choice of which phase encoding based method to use is still an open question due to the absence of any systematic comparisons.Methods: In this paper we quantitatively evaluated six popular phase encoding based methods for correcting susceptibility distortions in diffusion MRI data. We employed a framework that allows for the simulation of realistic diffusion MRI data with susceptibility distortions. We evaluated the ability for methods to correct distortions by comparing the corrected data with the ground truth. Four diffusion tensor metrics (FA, MD, eigenvalues and eigenvectors) were calculated from the corrected data and compared with the ground truth. We also validated two popular indirect metrics using both simulated data and real data. The two indirect metrics are the difference between the corrected LR and AP data, and the FA standard deviation over the corrected LR, RL, AP, and PA data.Results: We found that DR-BUDDI and TOPUP offered the most accurate and robust correction compared to the other four methods using both direct and indirect evaluation metrics. EPIC and HySCO performed well in correcting b0 images but produced poor corrections for diffusion weighted volumes, and also they produced large errors for the four diffusion tensor metrics. We also demonstrate that the indirect metric (the difference between corrected LR and AP data) gives a different ordering of correction quality than the direct metric.Conclusion: We suggest researchers to use DR-BUDDI or TOPUP for susceptibility distortion correction. The two indirect metrics (the difference between corrected LR and AP data, and the FA standard deviation) should be interpreted together as a measure of distortion correction quality. The performance ranking of the various tools inferred from direct and indirect metrics differs slightly. However, across all tools, the results of direct and indirect metrics are highly correlated indicating that the analysis of indirect metrics may provide a good proxy of the performance of a correction tool if assessment using direct metrics is not feasible.
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| 3. |
- Gu, Xuan, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Using the wild bootstrap to quantify uncertainty in mean apparent propagator MRI
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5196. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Estimation of uncertainty of MAP-MRI metricsis an important topic, for several reasons. Bootstrap deriveduncertainty, such as the standard deviation, providesvaluable information, and can be incorporated in MAP-MRIstudies to provide more extensive insight.Methods: In this paper, the uncertainty of different MAPMRImetrics was quantified by estimating the empirical distributionsusing the wild bootstrap. We applied the wildbootstrap to both phantom data and human brain data, andobtain empirical distributions for theMAP-MRImetrics returnto-origin probability (RTOP), non-Gaussianity (NG) and propagatoranisotropy (PA).Results: We demonstrated the impact of diffusion acquisitionscheme (number of shells and number of measurementsper shell) on the uncertainty of MAP-MRI metrics.We demonstrated how the uncertainty of these metrics canbe used to improve group analyses, and to compare differentpreprocessing pipelines. We demonstrated that withuncertainty considered, the results for a group analysis canbe different.Conclusion: Bootstrap derived uncertain measures provideadditional information to the MAP-MRI derived metrics, andshould be incorporated in ongoing and future MAP-MRIstudies to provide more extensive insight.
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