| 1. |
- Alexiou, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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A Survey of Psychiatric Healthcare Workers' Perception of Working Environment and Possibility to Recover Before and After the First Wave of COVID-19 in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived working environment, including the possibility to recover, among psychiatric healthcare workers (PHCWs) in comparison with pre-pandemic measures. Method: A link to an anonymous, web-based COVID-19 related survey was sent via email to all PHCWs at a university hospital in Sweden (n = 1,618) in September 2020. The response rate was 38% (566 of 1,507 eligible participants). Working environment survey responses collected in 2019 were used as pre-pandemic comparators. Statistical analyses were performed to assess overall impact over time on work demands, support, motivation, and recovery, stratified by professional role, and considering variables such as access to personal protective equipment. Results: The percentage of individuals responding negatively to statements about working environment increased significantly for most items after the first wave. Similarly, the increase of five of the investigated factors indicated a more negative perception of recovery during the pandemic. Registered nurses reported a greater negative impact of the pandemic on perceived working conditions and ability to recover than other professional groups. PHCWs working with patients with COVID-19 (35%) who reported being worried about becoming infected (12%) or infecting others (17%), or lacking adequate personal protective equipment (22%) were more negatively impacted regarding work environment-related items than those who did not. Conclusions: PHCWs' working environment and possibility for recovery were impacted by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses being most affected. Although psychiatric services do not directly care for patients with severe COVID-19 infection, the results from this study suggests that mental health services should also prepare for future pandemics.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- André, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents-Psychometric Analyses of Gaming Behavior, Gender Differences and ADHD
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundInternet gaming disorder (IGD) was recently added in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder as a "condition for further studies." There is no consensus regarding which rating scales should be used but many scholars suggest the GASA (Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents) and a ranking of the criteria, "the core approach" to avoid over-diagnosing of disordered gaming. Male gender and ADHD are commonly listed as risk factors for disordered gaming but little is known about sex differences in gaming and gender specific health correlates. PurposeThe present study aims to evaluate the core approach and the specific indicators of gaming behavior in GASA from a multifactorial perspective and explore the gender differences in a clinical setting, focusing on ADHD. Patients and MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 8-18 years (n = 144) from Child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) in Skane were assessed with the GASA. Psychometric analyses including confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to identify well-defined constructs and gender differences. Refined factor scores for single constructs were the outcome of alignment, a procedure for assessing measurement equivalence across gender. New model-based gaming behavior variables were used for descriptive statistics and ANOVA testing of gender differences. ResultsThe results confirm that the core approach two-factor model is valid for the CAP sample, as well as a theory based psycho-social model for gaming behavior with over consumption and negative social and emotional consequences. Our findings suggest that negative consequences of over consumption take a social direction for boys and an emotional direction for girls. Also, ADHD was significantly associated with over consumption of video games and the negative consequences thereof for girls. ConclusionGuided by psychometric analyses, the GASA could be strengthened by advancing the questionnaire design and by adding complementary items in order to illuminate the complexity of gaming behavior. Our findings suggest that additional research on potential gender related discrepancies of disordered gaming is needed.
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| 4. |
- Angelaki, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency of sexual dysfunction in outpatients with severe mental illness in Greece
- 2023
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Ingår i: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY. - 1664-0640. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionPatients with psychosis can develop sexual dysfunction, which may be related to the disease itself, psychosocial factors, somatic comorbidities, and the use of psychotropic medication.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the type and frequency of sexual dysfunction in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in order to assess the side effects of antipsychotics in sexual function.MethodsThis is a multicenter, cross-sectional study, involving patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (79.3%) or bipolar disorder (20.7%) treated in the Department of Psychiatry and Community Mental Health Centers from November 2018 to December 2019. Patients were enrolled in the study after signed informed consent. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patients through a semi-structured interview. The Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ) was administered to assess sexual function.ResultsA total of 87 outpatients on antipsychotics were recruited in the study. The mean age was 43.6 years, while the mean duration of the disease was 16.9 years. Overall, only 9.1% of patients spontaneously reported sexual dysfunction. Patients treated with oral first-generation antipsychotics had more difficulties in achieving orgasm and decreased erection capacity. In contrast, patients treated with oral second-generation antipsychotics had decreased ejaculation capacity. Patients on antipsychotic combination therapy were associated with higher rates of sexual anhedonia.DiscussionThese results suggest that sexual dysfunction is a side effect of antipsychotic treatment, which was spontaneously rarely reported by patients. It seems essential to obtain a psychosexual clinical history before initiating antipsychotic treatment to evaluate following changes and adopt an individualized strategy to manage sexual dysfunction induced by antipsychotics.
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| 5. |
- Burén, Jonas, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Gaming and Social Media Addiction in University Students: Sex Differences, Suitability of Symptoms, and Association With Psychosocial Difficulties
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research has shown that addictions to digital media can have negative impact on psychosocial health. Although Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has received most scholarly recognition, the potential negative consequences of Social Media Disorder (SMD) have also been found. However, few studies have assessed the symptoms of these two digital media addictions in the same way, making comparisons difficult. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating differences and similarities regarding how common the symptoms are, sex differences, the suitability of the symptoms, and their association with psychosocial difficulties. Method: A total of 688 university students (63.2% women, Mean age = 25.98) completed a questionnaire measuring symptoms of IGD and SMD, as well as psychosocial difficulties (i.e., psychosomatic symptoms, low self-concept, and social problems). Results: Results showed that 1.2% of the men and 0.9% of the women met the symptom criteria for IGD (non-significant difference), whereas 3.2% men and 2.8% women met the symptom criteria for SMD (non-significant difference). Dimensional analyses indicated that men had higher IGD scores compared to women, whereas the opposite was found for SMD. Symptoms of heavy involvement in digital media (i.e., Preoccupation, Tolerance, Withdrawal, Unsuccessful attempts to control, and Escape) had high sensitivity, but low positive predictive value (PPV). However, symptoms associated with negative consequences of digital media use (i.e., Loss of interest, Continued excessive use, Deception, and Jeopardizing career/relationships) had low sensitivity, but high PPV. These symptom patterns were similar for IGD and SMD. Meeting the criteria for IGD or SMD as well as being at risk of these disorders were significantly associated with psychosocial difficulties. Symptoms of SMD generally had stronger associations with psychosomatic symptoms compared to symptoms of IGD. Conclusions: We conclude that heavy involvement in digital media seems common among individuals with IGD or SMD, but also among those not meeting the symptom criteria, whereas negative consequences are less common but highly predictive of digital media addictions once present. Further attention to SMD is warranted, as it seems more common than IGD and also seems to be equally or more strongly associated with psychosocial difficulties.
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Outcomes for Young People With Substance Use Problems in Outpatient Treatment: Gender-Specific Patterns
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents the results of a longitudinal research project focusing on long-term outcomes among young people after initiation of outpatient treatment for substance use problems (SUP) in Sweden. Young people are defined with the age group 13-25 years. A clinical sample of 451 young people (29% girls, median age 17 years) completed a structured interview at baseline and was followed using official records one, two, and 3 years after initiation of treatment. Gender-specific patterns at intake were described and bivariate associations and logistic regressions were calculated to analyse the links between risk factors at treatment start and indications of substance use problems 3 years later. Significantly more boys than girls displayed indications of continued SUP at 3-year follow-up. More specifically, 49% of the boys vs. 35% of the girls were identified through records as still having problems with substance use. Predictive risk factors also displayed gender-specific patterns. Primary drug use frequency and age at intake predicted indications of SUP among boys but not among girls. Placement in foster care/residential homes, depression, and early drug debut had significant predictive value regarding indications of SUP among females but not among males. Girls also displayed a greater psychosocial burden at treatment start, but a more favorable treatment outcome at follow-up. Youths with a heavy risk load at treatment start (i.e., over six risk factors) did not display a greater risk of SUP at 3-year follow-up, although our results suggest that this subgroup has indications of continued problems with mental health. Consequently, future studies should further explore gender-specific treatment pathways for young people with substance use problems. Since women and girls seem to have different risk factors, co-occurring psychiatric problems and more experiences of trauma compared to men, they might need multidimensional and more comprehensive treatment interventions that run over a longer period of time.
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| 7. |
- Daukantaité, Daiva, et al.
(författare)
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One-Year Consistency in Lifetime Frequency Estimates and Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in a Clinical Sample
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), the direct, deliberate destruction of one's own bodily tissue in the absence of an intent to die, is frequently used for evaluating treatment in clinical care. One instrument for assessing NSSI is the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS). The ISAS is a self-rating measure examining the lifetime frequencies of NSSI behaviors and further exploring NSSI functions. The study aimed to examine the consistency of self-reported lifetime NSSI frequencies and functions (viathe ISAS) in a clinical sample of individuals with current self-harm and/or recurrent suicidal behaviors over one year. Fifty-two individuals (84.6% women) completed the ISAS three times over 1 year. We found relatively good test-retest stability for most NSSI behaviors and functions, but the correlation coefficients and frequencies of NSSI behaviors varied substantially. Approximately, 50% of participants reported lower lifetime frequencies of NSSI behaviors at the later time points, with approximately 20% reporting a significant reduction in their lifetime frequencies over one year. This unexpected finding raises concerns about the accuracy of reporting lifetime NSSI frequencies among individuals with multiple psychiatric diagnoses and extensive NSSI behaviors across their lives. Further research is needed to determine more reliable ways of collecting data on the lifetime frequency of NSSI in clinical samples and the accuracy of lifetime NSSI frequency estimates in general.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Delfin, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Examining Associations Between Psychopathic Traits and Executive Functions in Incarcerated Violent Offenders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Executive functions (EFs) are essential in almost all aspects of daily life and have been robustly related to antisocial behavior. However, the relationship between psychopathy and EFs has remained equivocal. Research investigating lower-level trait dimensions of psychopathy using standardized EF measures could be beneficial in addressing this issue. In this study, we examined associations between four EFs and four dimensions of psychopathic traits (interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, antisocial) using zero-order correlation and a combination of classical and Bayesian statistical methods. Two hundred and fourteen incarcerated male violent offenders were assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and completed tests of cognitive flexibility, spatial working memory, response inhibition, and planning and problem-solving using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Lifestyle psychopathic traits were significantly associated with reduced initial thinking time in a planning and problem-solving task, with a Bayes factor indicating substantial evidence for the observed correlation, and antisocial psychopathic traits showed a significant association with reduced initial thinking time in the same task, although the Bayes factor indicated only anecdotal evidence. Significant associations were also found between affective and antisocial psychopathic traits and less efficient strategic thinking in a spatial working memory task, and between affective, lifestyle and antisocial psychopathic traits and fewer problems solved in a planning and problem-solving task, although these findings were not corroborated by the Bayesian analysis. While the observed effects ranged between small and medium, our study suggests that reduced initial thinking times in planning and problem-solving is robustly associated with higher degrees of lifestyle and antisocial psychopathic traits.
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| 10. |
- Delfin, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Trait Disinhibition and NoGo Event-Related Potentials in Violent Mentally Disordered Offenders and Healthy Controls
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trait disinhibition may function as a dispositional liability toward maladaptive behaviors relevant in the treatment of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). Reduced amplitude and prolonged latency of the NoGo N2 and P3 event-related potentials have emerged as promising candidates for transdiagnostic, biobehavioral markers of trait disinhibition, yet no study has specifically investigated these two components in violent, inpatient MDOs. Here, we examined self-reported trait disinhibition, experimentally assessed response inhibition, and NoGo N2 and P3 amplitude and latency in male, violent MDOs (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 20). MDOs had a higher degree of trait disinhibition, reduced NoGo P3 amplitude, and delayed NoGo P3 latency compared to controls. The reduced NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in MDOs may stem from deficits during monitoring or evaluation of behavior. NoGo P3 latency was associated with increased trait disinhibition in the whole sample, suggesting that trait disinhibition may be associated with reduced neural efficiency during later stages of outcome monitoring or evaluation. Findings for NoGo N2 amplitude and latency were small and non-robust. With several limitations in mind, this is the first study to demonstrate attenuated NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in violent, inpatient MDOs compared to healthy controls.
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