| 1. |
- Aerts, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
-
Isobornyl Acrylate
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 31:1, s. 4-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multidisciplinary collaboration between several European dermatology departments has identified isobornyl acrylate (IBOA; CAS 5888-33-5), once deemed a low-risk sensitizer, as a major culprit contact allergen in glucose sensors and insulin pumps, medical devices used by diabetes patients worldwide. Although the patch test modalities of IBOA have been fairly well characterized, intriguing questions remain. For example, its cross-reactive profile to other acrylates remains to be determined, and the striking occurrence of concomitant positive patch test reactions to sesquiterpene lactones needs to be further elucidated. Importantly, the path to its discovery as a contact sensitizer in diabetes devices and the difficulties that were associated with this quest illustrate that apparent difficulties in obtaining sufficient cooperation from the medical device industry may seriously hamper the correct workup of cases of allergic contact dermatitis. The IBOA saga will convince companies to lend more cooperation to dermatologists and policymakers to side with patients and physicians when it comes to updating medical device regulations, including the compulsory labeling of medical devices in general and of diabetes devices in particular.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bruze, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
A Retrospective Study of Aimed Patch Testing with Aqueous Nickel Sulfate Hexahydrate at 30% and 15% in Patients with Dermatitis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 29:4, s. 193-195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Sometimes, patients with a history of metal intolerance react negatively or doubtfully to nickel at patch testing. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate whether aqueous nickel sulfate hexahydrate at 15% and 30% traces more contact allergy than the nickel preparation in the baseline series at 5%. Methods In the period 1995-2015, more than 800 of 16,059 patients with a negative or doubtful patch test reaction to the petrolatum preparation of nickel at 5% on the day 3 reading were additionally tested with aqueous nickel at 15% and/or 30%. Conclusions In this retrospective study with aimed patch testing with aqueous nickel solutions, significantly more (P < 0.001) contact allergy was obtained as compared with the 5% preparation in petrolatum. The 30% solution was significantly better (P < 0.001) than the 15% solution. To demonstrate that patch testing with nickel at 15% or 30% is better than the present testing with 5% requires simultaneous testing with the 3 nickel preparations.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gatica-Ortega, María Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
Nonoccupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis to 4-Acryloylmorpholine in Smartwatch Screen Protectors Glue
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 33:6, s. 429-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We recently identified an outbreak of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) involving workers of a Spanish company selling smartphone protective cases from a glue product. A chemical analysis of one glue sample revealed the presence of 4-acryloylmorpholine among other allergens. The same glue is also used to attach tempered glass protective cases to Apple smartwatches. Objective Our objective was to describe a case series of nonoccupational consumer ACD from the previously mentioned Apple smartwatch protective case glue. Methods We evaluated epidemiological and clinical data, as well as patch tests results. Results Three women were diagnosed with nonoccupational ACD from the adhesive. An annular vesicular inflammatory plaque involving the dorsal aspect of the wrist was initially observed in all. Two of the 3 patients were patch tested with 4-acryloylmorpholine 0.5% with positive strong reactions. Both also strongly reacted to a sample of the glue semiopen tested in a drop of petrolatum. One of them was also positive for various acrylates. Conclusions 4-Acryloylmorpholine has been identified in an adhesive used to attach protective cases to smartwatches. Nonoccupational ACD have been described to involve consumers of smartwatches. A UV-curable adhesive used to attach protective cases to smartwatches has been considered to be the culprit.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lejding, Tina, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples From Countries Within and Outside the EU : A Study From the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1710-3568. ; 34:4, s. 323-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003/53/EC and must not exceed 2 ppm. Since this regulation came into force, ACD caused by cement has markedly been reduced. Objective: To investigate Cr(VI) and total chromium content in samples of cement from countries within and outside the EU. Methods: The members of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) were invited to participate in the study with the aim to collect cement samples from geographically different areas. The content of Cr(VI) in the samples was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the total chromium content. Results: Forty-five cement samples were analyzed, containing amounts of Cr(VI) from <0.1 to >70 ppm. Twenty-one samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), 24 contained less. Four of 17 samples from within the EU contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), that is, higher amounts than stipulated in the EU directive, as compared with 17 samples from countries outside the EU. Conclusion: In countries outside the EU, significantly more cement samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI).
|
|
| 5. |
- Lejding, Tina, et al.
(författare)
-
Can the Reactivity to Chromate Be Changed in Patch Testing Using a Barrier Cream?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 31:6, s. 373-377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The persistent, difficult-to-treat, allergic contact dermatitis from hexavalent chromium in European construction workers has diminished significantly since the legislative measurements that came into force in January 2005. However, sensitization to hexavalent chromium continues to be a problem. Barrier creams have been tried for various allergens with divergent results. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the protective capacity of barrier cream candidates against hexavalent chromium in a patch test situation. Methods An experimental study was performed to investigate the reductive properties of glutathione and iron sulfate on the patch test reactivity in chromium-allergic individuals when exposed to hexavalent chromium. In this study, we also investigated the protective properties of a commercially available barrier cream. Conclusions A higher number of volunteers (16/18) showed reactions on the skin treated with the commercially available barrier cream, compared with the untreated skin (13/18) on test reading day 3/4 or day 7. The skin treated with petrolatum or Essex cream showed fewer and less prominent allergic reactions than the skin treated with the commercially available barrier cream.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mowitz, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Further Evidence of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by 2,2′-Methylenebis(6- tert -Butyl-4-Methylphenol) Monoacrylate, a New Sensitizer in the Dexcom G6 Glucose Sensor
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 33:4, s. 287-292
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Since the spring of 2020, we have seen several patients experiencing severe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from the Dexcom G6 glucose sensor after the composition of the sensor's adhesive patch had been changed. We have previously reported the finding of a new sensitizer, 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate, in the Dexcom G6 adhesive patch. Three patients with ACD from Dexcom G6 tested positive to this sensitizer. They were also allergic to isobornyl acrylate, a sensitizer present both in Dexcom G6 and in other medical devices previously used by these patients. Objective The aim of the study was to report the first 4 cases sensitized to 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate without a simultaneous allergy to isobornyl acrylate. Methods The cases were patch tested their own materials, a medical device series, and 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate in several concentrations. Results All 4 cases tested positive to 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate at either 1.0% or 1.5% in petrolatum, whereas 20 controls tested negative to both concentrations. Conclusions The cases reported here provide further evidence of 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate as a relevant culprit sensitizer in patients with ACD from Dexcom G6. However, the initially used patch test concentration (0.3%) did not suffice to elicit positive reactions in these cases, which is why patch testing at 1.5% is recommended.
|
|
| 7. |
- Siemund, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Contact Allergy to Two Aluminum Salts in Consecutively Patch-Tested Dermatitis Patients
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568. ; 33:1, s. 31-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recently, aluminum chloride hexahydrate (ACH) 10.0% petrolatum (pet) was recommended for patch testing to detect aluminum contact allergy. Aluminum lactate (AL) may be as reliable a test substance as ACH. Objective: We aimed to investigate the frequencies of aluminum allergy when ACH and AL were used in patch testing consecutive patients. Methods: Petrolatum preparations of ACH 10.0% and AL 12.0% were added to the baseline series in 2010-2017. Aluminum chloride hexahydrate 10.0% pet was added to the children baseline series from July 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017. Results: A total of 5448 patients were patch tested with the extended baseline series and 196 children with the extended children baseline series. Forty-eight of the 5448 adults (0.9%) and 10 of the 196 children (5.1%) were diagnosed with aluminum contact allergy. A significant difference was found between the aluminum allergy frequencies in children and adults patch tested with ACH in 2013-2017 (P < 0.001). The difference between the frequencies of contact allergies for the 2 aluminum salts is not statistically significant. Conclusions: Patch testing with ACH and AL demonstrated similar contact allergy frequencies. To detect aluminum allergy, patch testing with ACH 10.0% pet is recommended. Aluminum chloride hexahydrate 10.0% pet should be considered for inclusion in baseline series for patch testing adults and children.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sukakul, Thanisorn, et al.
(författare)
-
Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Linalool Hydroperoxides : Pitfalls in the Diagnostic Process—Findings from a Repeated Open Application Test Study
-
Ingår i: Dermatitis. - 1710-3568.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing trends of oxidized linalool contact allergy have been reported. However, the impact of reactivity and dose in eliciting allergic contact dermatitis caused by linalool hydroperoxides is insufficiently investigated. Objectives: To perform repeated open application tests (ROATs) using the real-world concentrations of linalool hydroperoxides in patients and control participants. Materials and Methods: Patients who previously had a positive (patients) and a negative (controls) patch test reaction to linalool hydroperoxides 1.0% in petrolatum were patch tested with a dilution series of linalool hydroperoxides preparations and asked to perform ROAT twice daily with 3 concentrations of linalool hydroperoxides creams and a negative control cream for 28 days. The creams contain 44, 140, and 440 PPM of linalool hydroperoxides, representing real-world doses reported in consumer products. Results: Of all 47 participants, 31 were linalool hydroperoxides contact allergy patients, and 16 were controls. One patient had a positive ROAT reaction in the area where cream at the highest concentration of linalool hydroperoxides was applied for 28 days. Conclusions: Repeated exposure to creams containing linalool hydroperoxides at real-life concentrations could rarely elicit an allergic reaction on intact skin after 4 weeks.
|
|
